ادبيات شباني در ساحت ادبيات شفاهي كردي (مطالعة موردي بخش خاوميرآباد مريوان)

Pastoral Literature in Oral Kurdish Literature: A Case Study of Khavmirabad District of Mariwan

ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻫﺮ ﻣﻠﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮع و داﯾﺮة ﺷﻤﻮل، از ﺗﻨﻮع وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺨﺶ اﻋﻈﻤﯽ از اﯾﻦ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎ، اﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ، اﺳﻄﻮرهﻫﺎ، ﺗﺮاﻧﻪﻫﺎ، ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻒﻫﺎ، اﻣﺜﺎل و ﺣﮑﻢ، ﭼﯿﺴﺘﺎنﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎزيﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻈﻮم را درﺑﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد؛ ﮐﻪ در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺪهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ و ﻧﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﮥ ژاﻧﺮﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ادﺑﯽ در ﻓﻮﻟﮑﻠﻮر دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯽ، ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐ ﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر وﯾﮋهاي ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان ﻏﺮﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي واﮐﺎوي در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﮥ ﻣﺮدم اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ زﺑﺎنﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﯾﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮع آن اﺳﺖ. ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻏﺮب ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎﺳﺘﻮرال 1ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد آﺛﺎر ﺧﻼﻗﺎﻧﻪاي را درﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎ ﻇﺮ آن را ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮهاي اﯾﺪه آل در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ دﯾﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ وﯾﮋه، زﺑﺎن، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻏﻨﯽ ﻣﺮدﻣﺎن ﮐُﺮد، ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺎوﻣﯿﺮآﺑﺎد ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﯾﻮان را ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار داده اﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮدن زﻣﯿﻨﮥ آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﺒﺎﻧﯽ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه آن در ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺮدي ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺑﺨﺶ ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ از اﻫﺪاف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ اﻓﺮاد ﻋﺎدي، در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﻣﻮر زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و در ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻣﯽ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺣﺴﺮت ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻤﻨﺎﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ آن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﺎﯾﻖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از آن ﭘﯿﺮوي ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ داده ﻫﺎ، از روش ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و روش ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ

Folklore is an integral part of every nation’s literature, with a remarkable diversity in type and inclusion. A large part of this literature includes tales, legends, myths, songs, ballads, adages, riddles, and versified games transmitted orally from generation to generation over the centuries. All-important literary genres can be seen in folklore. One of these literary genres is Pastoral literature, which has been specially addressed by western scholars yet a new subject for analysis in the folk literature of the Iranian people with its various languages and dialects. Pastoral literature includes creative works presenting rural life and its landscapes in an ideal way for the audience. In this research, the authors studied the Pastoral literature of the rural areas of Khavmirabad district of Mariwan city based on the lifestyle, particular geographical region, rich language and culture, and literature of the Kurds. The study aimed to provide a background for more familiarity with Pastoral literature and examine its status in Kurdish oral literature, more specifically in Kurdish folk literature. The study results showed that ordinary people had created Pastoral literature in their lives and social failures, regrets, and desires. Research data was collected through library and field studies, and the descriptive-analytical method was adopted.