نقد و بررسي نامدارترين ترجمۀ كردي رباعيات خيام

A Critical Analysis of the Most Famous Kurdish Translation of Khayyam’s Quatrains

رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت ﺧﯿّﺎم ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺷﻬﺮﺗﯽ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ و اﻓﺘﺨﺎري ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﺮاي ادﺑﯿﺎت اﯾﺮان زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎر آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از رﺑﺎﻋﯿﺎت ﺧﯿﺎم ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﮐﺮدي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﻓﻖﺗﺮﯾﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ، ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه و ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻣﺸﻬﻮر ﮐﺮد، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﺎن ﺷﺮﻓﮑﻨﺪي ﻣﺘﺨﻠّﺺ ﺑﻪ »ﻫﮋار « اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ در ﻋﯿﻦ وﻓﺎداري ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﯿﺎم و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي اﺻﻠﯽ آن، از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ آزاد و ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﮕﺎه ﺧﯿﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﯿﺮون و درون، ﭘﯿﺎم اﺻﻠﯽ او و روح ﮐﻠّﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﺷﻌﺎرش را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﮐُﺮدزﺑﺎن اﻟﻘﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ و ﺻﻮري ﺷﻌﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ وزن و ﻗﺎﻟﺐ، ﻟﺤﻦ ﮐﻼم و اﺳﺘﻮاري ﺳﺨﻦ ﺧﯿﺎم و ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ و دروﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان ﺧﻮد ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺳﺎزد. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﮥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ دادهﻫﺎي ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و اﺳﻨﺎدي، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻮري و ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد و ﺷﯿﻮة ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ ر ا در ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺧﻮد ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ، ﺗﺴﻠّﻂ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ او ﺑﺮ زﺑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﺒﺪأ و ﻣﻘﺼﺪ، درك درﺳﺖ از ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻣﺘﻦ و ﻗﺼﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪة اﺻﻠﯽ اﺛﺮ، ﭘﺮﻫﯿﺰ از ﺗﺮﺟﻤﮥ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻠﻔﻈﯽ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻟﺤﻦ و واژهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎي اﺛﺮ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ دروﻧﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺷﻌﺮ ﺧﯿﺎم ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ در اﻣﺮ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ

Khayyam’s quatrains have been translated into many languages ​​and have brought worldwide fame to this poet and a great honor for Iranian literature. Khayyam’s quatrains have been translated several times into Kurdish. One of the most successful translations is the translation of the famous Kurdish poet, writer and translator, Abdul Rahman Sharafkandi, nicknamed “Hejar”. While faithful to the structure and content of Khayyam’s poetry, this translation is a kind of free and conceptual translation. The translator tries to convey Khayyam’s view of the world inside and outside, his main message, and his poems’ general spirit to the Kurdish audience. He attempts to transmit the semantic and formal features of the original poem such as meter and form, tone and firmness of Khayyam’s speech, and its external and internal music in his translation. The present study critically analyzes this translation formally and semantically, adopting a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library and documentary data. It explores the translator’s method in translating Khayyam’s poetry. The results of the study indicated the following factors led to the translator’s success in his translation: the poet being a translator himself, his complete mastery of the source and target languages, his correct understanding of the content of the source text, and the intention of the original author, avoiding literal translation, choosing tone and words appropriately and recreating the internal and spiritual music of Khayyam’s poetry.