تأثير انديشه‌هاي التقاطي بر ديرپايي و اضمحلال برغَواطَه (حك. 123-543)

The effect of eclectic ideas on longevity and extinction of Barghawata (123-543 AH)

ﺑﺮﻏَﻮاﻃَﻪ اﺗﺤﺎدﯾﻪ اي از ﻗﺒﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﻣﻐﺮب اﻗﺼﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐـﻪ از اﺑﺘـﺪاي ﻗـﺮن دوم، ﻧﺨﺴـﺖ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺧﻮارج ﺻﻔﺮﯾﻪ را ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺎن ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﺎده اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ و ﻧﺎرﺿﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻫﺎ از واﻟﯿﺎن ﻋﺮب ﺗﺒﺎر اﻣـﻮي، اﻧﺪﯾﺸـ ﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﻟﺘﻘـﺎﻃﯽ را در ﻣﯿﺎن آﻧﺎن ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮﺑﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﯽ ادﻋﺎﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻤﺎن ﺧﻮد ﻣﺒﻨـﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺒﻮت، رﺟﻌﺖ و ﻣﻨﺠﯽ ﺑﻮدن آﻧﺎن را ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ، دﯾﮕﺮ ﻗﺒﺎﯾﻞ را ﺗﮑﻔﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده و ﺑﺎ ﺧﺸـﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎن ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﺳﺆال اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﺘﻘـﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺮﻏﻮا ﻃـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮي ﺑـﺮ دﯾﺮﭘـﺎﯾﯽ ﯾـﺎ اﺿـﻤﺤﻼل دوﻟﺘﺸﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اي ﻣﺠﺰا از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﺒﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﺮﺑﺮ، اﯾﺠﺎد روﺣﯿﻪ اﻣﯿﺪوار ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﻣﻮﻋﻮد، ﮔﺮدن ﻧﻬﺎدن ﺑﻪ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﯽ و ﺟﻨﮓ در راه آرﻣﺎن ﻫﺎ، ﺳﺒﺐ دﯾﺮﭘﺎﯾﯽ دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﻪ ﺷﺪ؛ از دﯾﮕﺮ ﺳﻮ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﻘﻖ وﻋﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺖ ﺑـﺎر آن دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﺮاﻧﮕﯿﺨﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻗﺒﺎﯾﻞ و دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺠﻮار ﻋﻠﯿﻪ آﻧﺎن و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﻀﻌﯿﻒ و اﺿﻤﺤﻼل دوﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﻏﻮاﻃﻪ ﺷﺪ.

Barghawata were a unio‎n of Berbers of the Fareast Maghreb (Moroccan) who from the beginning of the second century first accepted the Ṣufri Kharijites religion, then Barghawata foreign religion rulers spread eclectic ideas among them by using their simplistic thinking and dissatisfaction with the Umayyad Arab rulers. In this regard, Barghawata Berbers accepted claims of their rulers about prophecy, Rajʽa and being saviours, excommunicated other tribes and treated violently with them. This study through the descriptive-analytical method seeks to answer the question of whether Barghawata eclectic ideas influenced the longevity or extinction of their government? Findings indicate that the Barghawata eclectic ideas on one hand caused longevity of the Barghawata government by creating a distinct society from other Berber tribes, creating a spirit of hope for the promised justice, surrendered to the Barghawata government and fought for the ideals. On the other hand, the non-fulfilment of religious promises and violent actions of that government provoked other tribes and neighbour governments against them which in result weakened and destroyed the Barghawata government.