چالش‌هاي ‌راه‌حل گزيني در سياست‌گذاري ‌محيط‌زيست ايران

Challenges of Policy Making Iran Environment

ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ در اﯾﺮان وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﻫﺪاف ﭼﺸﻢ اﻧﺪاز و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮاﻫﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ دو ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ در اﯾﺮان در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اراﯾﻪ راهﺣﻞ اﺳﺖ و دوم اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎ را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺪف اول اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪﺑﺮﻓﯽ از ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ارﺷﺪ و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﯽ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﺸﻮر در ﻗﻮاي ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ و ﻧﯿﺰ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دوره دﮐﺘﺮي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري )ﻋﻠﻮم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ( و ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎز ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻮال ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ 6ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاري ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ، در ﻓﺎز دوم از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺤﺪود ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺑﻮد، دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﺰوﻟﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ و ﮔﻮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮرد وﻓﺎق ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 50درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺗﮑﺮار در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎن از رواﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ 5ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد )آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ( 0/9ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ در اﺧﺘﯿﺎر 400ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﺧﻮد را اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ »در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻠﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ در اراﯾﻪ راهﺣﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻧﻔﻮذ زﯾﺎدي دارﻧﺪ« ﺑﺎ رﺗﺒﻪ 5/31از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .

Despite the antiquity of drafting environmental laws in Iran, the environmental situation is not favorable based on the goals of the vision and general environmental policies, as evidenced by valid international indicators. This article has pursued two main goals, one of which is to express the most important challenges of environmental policy in Iran in the solution phase and the second is to prioritize the challenges to achieve the first goal by sampling snowballs from senior and middle managers in the field of environment. The three forces, as well as university professors and PhD students in policy (political science) and various fields of environment and management, were selected and questioned using a questionnaire. Finally, 6 major policy challenges were identified, in the second phase since the goal The data were limited in order, the data were arranged in descending order in terms of frequency and items that were agreed upon by at least 50% of the respondents. an‎d with a confidence coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.9 was confirmed. Finally, the final questionnaire was given to 400 experts to choose their orientation. "Special economic and political factors have a lot of influence in providing environmental solutions." With a rating of 5.31, it was more important than the others, which is debatable.