ارزيابي و پهنه بندي آسيب پذيري آب هاي زيرزميني با استفاده از روش هاي زمين آمار و GIS (مطالعه ي موردي: باغات انگور شهر ملاير)

Evaluation and Zoning of Groundwater Vulnerability by Using Geostatistics and GIS Methods (Case Study: Grapevine Gardens in Malayer City)

آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ از آبﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪﭘﺬﯾﺮ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﯽآﯾﻨﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺧﻄﺮي ﺑﺰرگ در راه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺧﺸﮏ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﺤﯿﺢ آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ در ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﻮد، ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﯾﻦ آﻻﯾﻨﺪهﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ آب زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎ ﺿﺮ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ از آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ در ﺑﺎﻏﺎت اﻧﮕﻮر ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻼﯾﺮ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮ آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف، ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ GUS, RF و AF ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر9 آﻓﺖﮐﺶ ,Diazinon, Malathion, Dursban o‎r Chlorpyrifos, Confidor o‎r Imidacloprid, Dimethoate Linuron, Fenvalerate, Metsulfuronو Propargite ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻬﻨﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﮐﺮﯾﺠﯿﻨﮓ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار GIS ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ. در ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي اول، از ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ Koc و t1/2 ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي در دو ﺳﻨﺎرﯾﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت، آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي در ﺑﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ و آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي در ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، رﺗﺒﻪﺑﻨﺪي آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﻣﺮﮐﺐ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي در ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻢ و ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ GUS ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ آﺑﺸﻮﯾﯽ در ﮐﻼس ﺑﯿﻨﺎﺑﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎي Fenvalerate, Linuronو Metsulfuron ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ

Groundwater is an important part of the ecosystems renewable water. Therefore, reducing groundwater quality is a major threat to agricultural development, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Suitable application of pesticides in agriculture as not to contaminate groundwater, It requires understanding how these pollutants are transferred to groundwater and assessing the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination. In this regard, in the present study, the vulnerability of groundwater to pesticides in Malayer vineyards, was assessed in three scenarios of vulnerability in normal, unconventional and optimal conditions using three indicators: GUS, RF and AF. For this purpose, 9 pesticide, Diazinon, Malathion, Dursban o‎r Chlorpyrifos, Confidor o‎r Imidacloprid, Dimethoate, Linuron, Fenvalerate, Metsulfuron and Propargite Was studied. Also, zoning maps were prepared using kriging method in GIS software. In the first scenario, Koc and conventional t1/2 pesticide values were used. Also, vulnerability in the other two scenarios was assessed as vulnerability in the worst conditions and vulnerability in the best conditions. Then, according to the regional values of different indicators, pesticides ranking was done by combined programming method. Finally, by combining the results, the pesticides were divided into three groups of suitable, intermediate and inappropriate. The results showed that the probability of vulnerability is low in the northern parts of the study area and the southern part has the highest probability of vulnerability. According to the GUS index, most of the area is in the middle class in terms of leaching. Also Fenvalerate, Linuron and Metsulfuron pesticides were evaluated suitable for study area.