كليدواژه :
جغرافياي مناطق تحت حفاظت , ارزيابي اثرات محيط زيستي , مدل تخريب , منطقه شكار ممنوع الوند , مدل SWOT- ANP
چكيده فارسي :
از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺪاوم دارﻧﺪ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺿﺮورت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ را اﻟﺰاﻣﯽ ﻣﯽدارد. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي راﻫﺒﺮدي و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﮑﺎر ﻣﻤﻨﻮع اﻟﻮﻧﺪ از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ و SWOT-ANPاﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا آﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻮمﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از واﺣﺪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﺒﮑﻪ، ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ هﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ، ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ، 13واﺣﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ در ﮐﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺷﺪت آنﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ 3 ﭘﻬﻨﻪء، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ) 56/01درﺻﺪ(، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ) 35/41درﺻﺪ( و ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ) 8/49درﺻﺪ( ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ درﺟﻪ 1، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد. در اداﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي راﻫﺒﺮدي، ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت، ﺿﻌﻒ، ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ وزندﻫﯽ )ANP( و ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ وزن دﻫﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﺧﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز 0/631ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ اراﯾﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، و راﻫﺒﺮد ﺗﻬﺎﺟﻤﯽ-رﻗﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻣﺘﯿﺎز )0/340(، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راﻫﺒﺮد ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻗﻮت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ و ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ اراﯾﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ آن ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
Areas that need continuous monitoring, are protected areas which necessitates the need for environmental impact assesment of development in these areas. For strategic planning and environmental impact assessment of development in the Alvand no-hunting area, the environmental degradation and SWOT-ANP models were used. First, ecological vulnerability in each of the network units was calculated and classified and then using topographic maps, field observations, experts' opinions, and local communities, 13 degradation units were identified in the whole area and its severity Was determined. Finally, using obtained coefficients of degradation, the area was classified into 3 zones, which need protection measures (56.01%), need reconstruction (35.41%), and development potential (8.49%). Despite the potential for grade 1 development, based on local conditions and socio-economic issues, there is no possibility of further development in the area. Then, for strategic planning in the area, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were identified, and then according to opinion of experts, each weighting (ANP) and were compared. The weighting results indicated that internal factors with a total score of 0.631 were selected as main factor in providing protection strategies in the area, and an Aggressive strategy with the highest score (0.340) in the area was selected as optimal strategy. In addition, existing strengths for protection in the area are more than weaknesses, and also opportunities are more than threats, and providing optimal strategies can help improve the protection situation of the area and improve its management.
