عوامل موثر بر روستازيستي پايدار در روستاهاي حوضه قوشخانه شهرستان شيروان

Effective Factors on Sustainable Rurality in Villages of Ghoshkhaneh Watershed of Shirvan County

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﯾﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن و ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت آﻧﺎن ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. وﻟﯽ در اﮐﺜﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت، ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺨﯿﺰ، ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ اﺻﻼ ﯾﺎ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺘﯽ و رﻓﺎﻫﯽ ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ روﺳﺘﺎزﯾﺴﺘﯽ، روﺳﺘﺎﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ روﺳﺘﺎﮔﺮﯾﺰي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ي ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻗﻮﺷﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﯿﺮوان ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﻮرد آﻣﺎرﺑﺮداري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و رﻓﺎﻫﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺎ روﺳﺘﺎزﯾﺴﺘﯽ دارﻧﺪ. ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ را ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزد. ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎل، ﺿﺮورت ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي و ﯾﺎ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر، روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺳﺒﺰ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎرﻫﺎي اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، و اﻧﺠﺎم آﯾﻨﺪهﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻧﻮﯾﺪﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑ ﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ

Many studies have focused on the socio-economic issues of villagers and the causes of their migration. But in most of these studies, the impact of watershed conditions, environmental aspects, and natural factors has been less investigated. This article seeks to examine natural factors along with social, cultural, economic, political, and welfare components to prioritize their impacts on rurality and rural settlement or evasion. The study area was villages of Ghoshkhaneh watershed of Shirvan County, Iran. Sample households were selected and surveyed based on the Cochran formula and through Multistage and Systematic Random Samplings. According to the results, natural, social, economic, and welfare components have significant relationships with rurality. The high impact of natural factors highlights the importance of natural resources on the sustainability of rural communities. According to natural factors, however, a need to rethink or prepare region-based natural resource plans, emphasis on green entrepreneurship approaches the creation of ecological businesses and applying future researches promises to move towards bio-sustainability, especially in rural communities.