كليدواژه :
نظريه دادهبنياد چندوجهي , مديريت سود تعهدي , مديريت سود واقعي , روشهاي كاهشي مديريت سود
چكيده فارسي :
هدف: درك اهميت مديريت سود براي استفاده كنندگان داخلي و خارجي صورتهاي مالي ضروري است. بنابراين، پژوهش حاضر به ارائه الگوي كاهشي مديريت سود با توجه به شرايط كشور ايران ميپردازد. روش: در اين رابطه به كمك روش كيفي نظريه دادهبنياد چند وجهي و از طريق مصاحبه نيمه ساختار يافته با 14 نفر از خبرگان حرفه حسابداري ايران در سال 1398-1397 كه به روش نمونهگيري نظري انتخاب شده، نكات كليدي مطرح شده توسط ايشان كد گذاري و در قالب مفاهيم و مقوله ها دسته بندي و در نهايت موفق به ارائه الگوي كاهشي مديريت سود شد.
يافتهها: بر اساس نتايج ويژگيهاي شخصيتي، كسب و كار و انگيزه مديران، شروط علي و اثرگذار بر روشهاي كاهشي مديريت سود شناسايي شدند. نظام قانوني، مديريت منابع انساني، ضعف نظام حسابداري، دانش تخصصي و عوامل فرهنگي شرايط زمينهاي، و عوامل محيطي جزء شرايط مداخلهگر قرار گرفتند. روشهاي كاهشي مديريت سود شامل 7 مقوله، كنترل كيفيت حسابرسي، تقويت حاكميت شركتي، به روز كردن ساختار قوانين و استانداردها، تقويت و كنترل چارچوب گزارشگري مالي، و تقويت آموزش، بحثهاي انظباطي و نظارت شناسايي و پيامدهاي ناشي از آن در قالب روشهاي مديريت سود ارائه گرديد كه مفهوم مديريت زمان مجامع يكي از روش هاي انجام مديريت سود و يكي از دستاوردهاي پژوهش حاضر مي باشد.
نتيجهگيري: مديريت سود تأثير مهمي بر شركت، حرفه و سطح كلان اقتصادي دارد. بنابراين، با بكارگيري صحيح راهبردها و شرايط زمينهاي مديريت سود منفي در شركتها كاهش مي يابد.پيش از اين تحقيقات از روشهاي مقداري استفاده كرده بنابراين، اين مورد هم از نظر دانشافزايي و هم توسعه نظريهاي موجود در حوزه مديريت سود مؤثر است. بنابراين، براي آموزش و افزايش آگاهي عموم بويژه دانشجويان رشتههاي مرتبط مي توان استفاده بسياري نمود.
چكيده لاتين :
Objective: Understanding the importance of earnings management is essential for internal and external users of financial statements. Some see this as a legal practice, while others see it as illegal manipulation of profits. Iran is no exception to the damage and growth of this economic phenomenon, so the first thing that crystallizes in the minds of some members of society is the question: What are the factors affecting the earnings management and ways to prevent or reduce earnings management? So The purpose of this study is to provide a reductive model of earnings management according to the conditions of Iran.
Method: In this regard, the present study, using the qualitative method of multi-grounded
theory through semi-structured interviews with 14 experts in the Iranian accounting profession in 1397-1398 which was selected by theoretical sampling method, the key points raised by them were coded and formatted. Concepts and categories were categorized and finally, succeeded in presenting a decreasing pattern of earnings management.
Finding: Based on the results of personality characteristics, business characteristics and motivation of managers causal and effective conditions on profit management reduction methods were identified. Also, the legal system, human resource management, the weakness of the accounting system, specialized knowledge and cultural factors of the context, and environmental factors were among the intervening conditions. Finally, the methods of profit management reduction include 7 categories, auditing quality control, strengthening corporate governance, updating the structure of laws and standards, strengthening and controlling the financial reporting framework, strengthening training, disciplinary discussions and classification monitoring and its consequences in the form of earnings management methods were identified and presented. One of the achievements of this research and the proposed model for reducing earnings management is that in this model, the concept of assembly time management is introduced, which is another way to perform earnings management. Time management of assemblies includes sub-categories such as assembly breathing, assembly relocation, assembly assembly in the last days and playing with shareholders' dividends, for later payment of dividends and using it elsewhere. Of course, It is possible that companies have been created in Iran due to the specific conditions of Iran.