ارزيابي مخازن ويروس سارس كويد2 بر اساس آناليز فيلوژنتيك توالي آمينواسيدهاي پروتيين سطحي S و گيرنده سلولي آنزيم مبدل آنژيوتنسين (ACE2)

Study on Sara-CoV 2 reserviors by phylogenetic analysis of aminoacid Sequences of S and Angiotension-converting Enzyme (ACE2) proteins

وﯾــﺮوس ﺳــﺎرس ﮐﻮﯾــﺪ2 داراي ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﮐــﺮوي ﺷــﮑﻞ اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﺣــﺎوي ﭘــﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦﻫــﺎي N ،E ،M و S ﻣــﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﭘـﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺳـﻄﺤﯽS اﯾـﻦ وﯾــﺮوس ﻧﻘـﺶ ﻣﻬﻤـﯽ در اﺗﺼــﺎل وﯾـﺮوس ﺑـﻪ ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪه ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﺳـﻠﻮﻟﯽ ACE2 ﻣﯿﺰﺑـﺎن دارد. ﻫــﺪف از اﯾــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ ارزﯾــﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺨــﺎزن وﯾــﺮوس ﺳــﺎرس ﮐﻮﯾــﺪ2 ﺑــﺮ اﺳــﺎس ارﺗﺒــﺎط ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿــﮏ ﺗــﻮاﻟﯽ آﻣﯿﻨــﻮ اﺳــﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭘــﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ S وﯾــﺮوس و ﮔﯿﺮﻧــﺪه ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ ﺳــﻠﻮﻟﯽ ACE2 در ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدات ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑــﺮاي اﻧﺠــﺎم اﯾــﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ ﺗــﻮاﻟﯽ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ژﻧـﻮم، ﺗـﻮاﻟﯽ آﻣﯿﻨـﻮ اﺳـﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭘـﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺳـﻄﺤﯽ S وﯾـﺮوس ﺳـﺎرس ﮐﻮﯾـﺪ2 و ﺗـﻮاﻟﯽ آﻣﯿﻨـﻮ اﺳـﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺮﻧـﺪه ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺳـﻠﻮل ACE2 ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧــﺎت و اﻧﺴـﺎن از وﺑﮕــﺎه NCBI و GenBank ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ ﺷــﺪ و ﺑـﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧـﺮماﻓـﺰار ﻣﮕــﺎx رواﺑــﻂ ﻓﯿﻠــﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣــﻮرد آﻧــﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﻗــﺮار ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﺑــﻪ دﺳــﺖ آﻣــﺪه ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐــﻪ وﯾــﺮوسﻫــﺎي ﺳــﺎرس ﮐﻮﯾــﺪ2 ﺟــﺪا ﺷــﺪه از ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ داراي ﻣﻨﺸــﺎً ﻣﺸــﺘﺮﮐﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧــﺪ. آﻧــﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﭘﺮوﻓﺎﯾــﻞ آﻣﯿﻨــﻮ اﺳــﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭘــﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽ S در وارﯾﺘــﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻧﺸــﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﺗﻐﯿﯿــﺮات زﯾــﺎد و ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻬــﺶ در ژﻧــﻮم اﯾــﻦ وﯾﺮوسﻫــﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. از ﻃــﺮف دﯾﮕــﺮ ﺗــﻮاﻟﯽ آﻣﯿﻨﻮ اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭘـﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ACE2 اﻧﺴـﺎن ﺷـﺒﺎﻫﺖ زﯾـﺎدي ﺑـﻪ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧـﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨـﺪ ﺧـﻮك، ﺷـﺘﺮ، ﺧﻔـﺎش، روﺑـﺎه ﭘﺮﻧـﺪه و ﺧﻔـﺎش ﻣﯿــﻮهﺧــﻮار داﺷــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻧﺸــﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﺨﺰنﻫــﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ وﯾــﺮوس ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﺪ. ﺑﻨــﺎﺑﺮ اﯾــﻦ ﺟﻬــﺶ ژﻧــﯽ در ﻧﺎﺣﯿــﻪ ﮐﺪﮐﻨﻨــﺪه ﭘــﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ﺳــﻄﺤﯽS اﯾــﻦ وﯾــﺮوس و ﺗﺸــﺎﺑﻪ ﺗــﻮاﻟﯽ آﻣﯿﻨــﻮ اﺳــﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭘــﺮوﺗﯿﯿﻦ ACE2 در ﻣﻮﺟــﻮدات ﻣﺨﺘﻠــﻒ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧــﺪ ﺑﺎﻋــﺚ ﻇﻬــﻮر وارﯾﺘــﻪﻫــﺎي ﺟﺪﯾــﺪ وﯾــﺮوس در ﻣﺨــﺎزن ﮔﻮﻧــﺎﮔﻮن ﺣﯿــﻮاﻧﯽ ﮔــﺮدد ﮐــﻪ اﯾــﻦ ﭘﺪﯾــﺪه اﺣﺘﻤــﺎل ﺳــﺮاﯾﺖ وﯾــﺮوس را ﺑــﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺣﺘﯽ ﭘﺲ از واﮐﺴﯿﻨﺎﺳﯿﻮن و اﯾﺠﺎد اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ.

Sars-Cov2 has spherical shape with many spike proteins viz, M,N,E and S. S protein of this virus has major role in attachement of the virus to host receptor Angiotension-converting Enzyme (ACE2) protein.The purpose of this study was evaluation of Sars-Cov2 reservoirs by phylogenetic analysis aminoacid sequences of S and Angiotension-converting Enzyme (ACE2) proteins in the differents animals. To perform the study whole genome and amino acid sequences of S protein of Sars-Cov2 and sequences of ACE2 protein of some animals and human were downloaded from NCBI and GenBank and subjected to phylogenetic analysis of their relationship using MegaX soft ware. The results obtained indicated that all Sars-Cov2 isolated from different geographical areas have similar origin. On the other hand, amino acid profile of S protein in the different viral variants showed several sequences. In addition, amino acid sequence of Human ACE2 was very close to camel, Swine and bats (Pteropus vampyrus and Cynoplerus phinx). Therefore the present study showed that gene mutation in surface protein coding sequence of corona virus and the similarity of ACE2 amino acid sequences in different animals cause emerging the new variants of corona virus in the different reservoirs. Hence it might increase the rate of transmission of the virus to human even after vaccination and herd immunity.