بازتوليد نزاع جمعي؛ تحليل محتواي جامعه‌شناختي پرونده‌هاي نزاع دسته‌جمعي شهرستان اهواز

Reproduction of Collective Conflict: Analysis of Sociological Content of Mass Dispute Cases in Ahvaz

ﻧﺰاع، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪاي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺑﺮوز آن ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ازآﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽﮐﻪ ﻧﺰاع ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ دارد، ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻧﺰاعﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻫﻮاز اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1397 و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﭘﺮوﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1392-1394 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﻤﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﻫﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻌﮑـــﻮس از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت 391 ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه از ﭘﺮوﻧﺪهﻫﺎي ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1392-1394 ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺷﻌﺒﻪ اﺟﺮاي اﺣﮑﺎم دادﺳﺮاي اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻫﻮاز ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮده و داراي ﭘﺮوﻧﺪه ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﭼﻬﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻓﺸﺎر، ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭘﺮوﻧﺪهﻫﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺣﺪود 35 درﺻﺪ از ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯿﻦ 21 ﺗﺎ 25 ﺳﺎل رخ داده اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽارﺷﺪ و و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاع در ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻼت دﯾﭙﻠﻢ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﻣﺮدان ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از زﻧﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﻣﺠﺮدﻫﺎ و ﻣﺘﺄﻫﻞﻫﺎ در ﯾﮏ ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖ، ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻋﺪم ارﺗﺒﺎط آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﮑﻮﻣﯿﺖ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﺮوز ﻧﻮع ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ و ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﻓﺮاد ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﮑﻮﻣﯿﺖ در ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ، ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻒ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از روﻧﺪ روﺑﻪاﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺮوز ﻧﺰاع دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، 86/7 درﺻﺪ از اﻓﺮاد، ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﮐﻢ ﻗﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ اﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﯽ را در ﻧﺰاع ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻦ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺰاعﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ دارد. ﺑﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد ﺳﻼح ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮوز ﻧﺰاعﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻪﺟﻤﻌﯽ، راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ وﺟﻮد دارد.

Conflict is the social issue of human societies. The collective conflict is a historical issue that only the form of its transformation has changed. In some provinces of Iran, such as Khuzestan, especially the provincial capital (Ahvaz), the context and the basis for the formation of mass struggle is greater. The purpose of this research was to investigate the sociological analysis of collective disputes in Ahvaz city. Method: using quantitative content analysis and a researcher-made checklist that was conducted in 2019. The data collection tool was a reverse information questionnaire of 391 cases from the mass-fighting cases of 2014-2016 present in the branch of execution of the orders of the Islamic Revolutionary Public Prosecutor's Office in Ahvaz referring to the judicial authorities and containing a judicial file.The theoretical framework is based on sociological theories of pressure, social control, and learning theory. Findings: Based on the analysis of cases in this study, about 35% of the mass struggle between the ages of 21 and 25 years. The rate of collective conflict in men is higher than that of women. The degree of collective conflict in singles and married is at a level. The average of the total conflict in terms of ethnicity is different. The amount of conflict in the villages of Ahwaz is higher than the city of Ahvaz. The degree of mass strike in people who do not have a previous conviction is higher than those who have a previous conviction. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, 86.7% of individuals did not refer to the courts or law enforcement authorities in the previous collective conflict. According to the findings of this study, the rate of mass conflicts is related to economic, social, security and cultural factors. There is a significant direct and positive relationship between the presence of weapons and the occurrence of mass conflicts