چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Rural areas are more vulnerable to earthquake hazards than urban areas but the vulnerability of rural areas has always been neglected and few studies are worrying about it. Given the importance of villages and played the crucial role in socio-economic development and national security, providing adequate housing for villagers and addressing the problems in this area, in particular, providing them with security and relieving their vulnerability are of particular importance. One of the policies of Iran to reduce the risk of damage; improvement and rehabilitation of rural housing by the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution Which has become one of the most important strategies in Iran due to the extent of natural disasters and their financial and financial losses and their expectations beyond ensuring security against accidents are also a continuation of rural life. neyriz Township is subjected to major and minor faults that the existence of these faults and the probability of earthquake causes vulnerability of the villages of the region. The housing estate of the Islamic Revolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, from 2004 to 2013, has provided 5255 villagers of more than 20 households with facilities for the renovation and renovation of houses. The number of facilities was paid to 66 villages of more than 20 households in the city and supervision of the construction process was carried out. So what seems to be important is the activity that the Housing Foundation has had in its housing estate, its impact on the rural areas, and how much it has been able to achieve resistance and stability in rural housing; in addition to what degree, they have been able to influence their satisfaction. Therefore, the present study addresses the vulnerability of rural dwellings. In this regard, vulnerability is initially studied then the satisfaction of the villagers is examined finally, the share of each vulnerability level criterion is measured on the satisfaction of the villagers and appropriate solutions.
Data and Methodology
The research methodology is based on its descriptive-analytical nature. Data gathering was conducted through surveying, library and field method. A small portion of the sample includes 230 households from 18 rural in the Neyriz Township. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach Alpha (alpha = 0.79). In the qualitative section for the implementation of grounded theory, an interview was conducted with 40 villagers.
Results and Discussion
By studying the vulnerability of rural nursing homes in the Township of Neyriz, the villages of the studied villages are in an unfavorable position in terms of economic and social dimensions. Objective satisfaction indicators show that 51.8% of the villagers' homes were constructed responsive to concrete. 80.4% of the walls of the houses are made with bricks. The roofs of the houses are covered with 75% block and block. Of the studied rural households, 94.6% have personal housing and only 5.4% of the tenants. In the area of providing services in residential units, all the studied villages have water, electricity, telephone and 2.05 villagers are satisfied with the crop of agricultural products, parking lots, agricultural machinery and heating and cooling equipment for their housing.
Conclusion
Findings showed that the vulnerability of rural housing is not only physical and environmental in nature, but also in social, economic and institutional-organizational dimensions. Meanwhile, vulnerability in physical and environmental dimensions in the study area is lower than other dimensions. Therefore, the existence of unstable housing in rural areas has led to a decline in their quality of life. This situation is strongly influenced by internal and external factors and forces. The lack of financial support, the traditional housing structure, poor design, poor monitoring and enforcement, social constraints, lack of building facilities, weaknesses in government support and regulatory policies, and government institutions are among the main problems of rural dwellings.
According to interviews with villagers, the following solutions can be made to reduce rural housing problems:
- The costs of facilities and infrastructure are not at the expense of villagers. Therefore, the creation of continuous financial resources for councils and departments can be open.
- Reducing the problems and obstacles facing applicants for loan use (through increasing credit, decreasing profits and raising the age), providing welfare services and reducing the total poverty of the rural community, granting loans or with benefits and installments Low for women-headed households; increasing the number of borrowers and creating rural people's interest and motivation for living in the countryside.
- Preserving indigenous architecture, using indigenous materials, avoiding blind imitation of urban housing, etc., are unfortunately much neglected, and new rural houses have become homogeneous and adapted to the natural and physical environment of the countryside.
- In anti-poverty programs, the problems of villagers have been underestimated, which has led to their vulnerability. Therefore, investing in villages, creating complementary agricultural businesses, increasing production and, consequently, increasing rural incomes, can accelerate the growth and development of this sector.Energy saving is considered to be a problem with rural housing problems in terms of access to fossil fuels and mechanical equipment for heating and cooling buildings.
