پديد آورندگان :
حاتمي، عبدالامير دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه ژنتيك و به‌نژادي گياهي، قزوين، ايران , امينيان، رقيه دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه ژنتيك و به‌نژادي گياهي، قزوين، ايران , مفاخري، سودابه دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه ژنتيك و به‌نژادي گياهي، قزوين، ايران , سليماني اقدم، مرتضي دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) - دانشكده كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي - گروه ژنتيك و به‌نژادي گياهي، قزوين، ايران
چكيده فارسي :
به‌منظور مطالعه اثر گاما آمينو بوتيريك اسيد (گابا) بر كاهش اثرات ناشي از تنش شوري و بهبود ويژگي‌هاي كمي و كيفي گياه كينوا رقم تي تي كاكا، آزمايشي به‌صورت فاكتوريل 2 عاملي در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در گلخانه تحقيقاتي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه بين‌المللي امام خميني (ره) قزوين در سال 1397 اجرا شد. عوامل اين آزمايش شامل شوري آب آبياري در سه سطح (صفر، 8 و 16 دسي زيمنس بر متر كلريد سديم) و گابا در پنج سطح (صفر، 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 ميلي‌مولار) بود. صفات اندازه‌گيري شده شامل، محتواي نسبي آب برگ، آب نسبي از دست رفته، شاخص پايداري غشا، شاخص سبزينگي، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملكرد دانه، وزن خشك گياه، شاخص برداشت و مقدار سديم و پتاسيم برگ بود. نتايج نشان داد كه شوري اثر كاهنده و معني‌داري بر شاخص‌هاي رشد و نموي كينوا داشت. اثر متقابل شوري و گابا براي همه صفات به جز آب نسبي از دست رفته، شاخص سبزينگي، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد سنبله در بوته معني‌دار بود. در شوري 16 دسي زيمنس بر متر، برترين تيمار گابا منجر به افزايش محتواي نسبي آب برگ (10 درصد)، شاخص پايداري غشا (29 درصد)، قطر ساقه (11 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (37 درصد)، عملكرد دانه (36 درصد)، وزن خشك گياه (70 درصد)، مقدار پتاسيم (58 درصد)، نسبت پتاسيم به سديم (168 درصد) و كاهش مقدار سديم (117 درصد) نسبت به شرايط عدم استفاده از گابا شد. بيشترين شاخص سبزينگي برگ به مقدار 88/39 واحد SPAD، بالاترين ارتفاع بوته (15/55 سانتي‌متر) و بيشترين تعداد سنبله در بوته (03/15 عدد) در گياهان تيمارشده با 10 ميلي‌مولار گابا حاصل گرديد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Salinity and accumulation of salts in the soil are among the most important non-biological stresses that limit agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. To minimize the effects of stress foliar application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can make a differencw. Therefore, due to the adverse effects of salinity stress on the growth and yield of many plants, including quinoa, it is necessary to use methods to increase plant resistance to improve growth, production, and crop yield. The present study was conducted to study the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on reducing the effects of salinity stress and improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of quinoa.
Materials and Methods
Two-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted during 2018-2019 in the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin, Iran. The experimental factors included salinity of irrigation water at three levels (0, 8 and 16 dS / m sodium chloride) and GABA at five levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM). Quinoa seeds were obtained from the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. After seedling establishment in the four-leaf stage, salinity was applied by adding sodium chloride to irrigation water. Some morphological and physiological traits such as main stem diameter, number of spikes per plant, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, harvest index; SPAD, leaf relative water content, leaf water loss and membrane stability percentage were also measured.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that salinity had a reducing and significant effect on plant growth and development indices. Application of gamma-amino butyric acid improved the traits of SPAD, plant height, stem length, number of spikes, and harvest index. Therefore, foliar application of GABA under salinity stress conditions is recommended as a compatible osmolyte that reduces salinity damage in quinoa. The salinity × GABA interaction was significant for all traits except relative water loss, SPAD index, plant height and number of spikes per plant. At salinity of 16 dS / m, the best GABA treatment increased the leaf relative water content (10%), membrane stability index (29%), stem diameter (11%), 1000-seed weight (37%), grain yield (36 %), plant dry weight (70%), potassium content (58%), potassium to sodium ratio (168%) and decrease in sodium content (117%) compared to non-use of GABA conditions. The maximum leaf SPAD index (39.88), the highest plant height (55.15 cm), and the highest number of spikes per plant (15.03) were obtained in plants treated with 10 mM GABA.
Conclusion
Quinoa is a plant with very high nutritional value that can be an important part of our diet in a near future. The results of this study revealed that although this plant has a high resistance to salinity, increasing the salinity of irrigation water may cause a significant reduction in its growth and development. On the other hand, the use of GABA as a natural factor that improves plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, proved influential to greatly compensate for the damage caused by saline water and significantly increased the resistance of quinoa to salinity.
