پديد آورندگان :
آلبوغبيش، مهين دانشگاه فردوسي - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد ايران , تهراني فر، علي دانشگاه فردوسي - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد ايران , زرگريان، مجيد دانشگاه فردوسي - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد ايران , دولتخواهي، علي دانشگاه فردوسي - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني و مهندسي فضاي سبز، مشهد ايران
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور ارزيابي سطوح مختلف آبياري و بستر كشت بر شاخصهاي رشد گل رز شاخه بريده رقم سامورايي در شرايط كشت بدون خاك، اين پژوهش به‌صورت آزمايش كرتهاي خرد شده بر پايه‌ي طرح بلوك كامل تصادفي با چهار تكرار در گلخانه تحقيقاتي دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد در سال 1397 انجام شد. تيمارها در اين پژوهش شامل چهار سطح رژيم آبي (60، 80، 100 و 120درصد نياز آبياري) به‌عنوان كرت اصلي و سه بستر كشت (پرليت، پرليت-كوكوپيت با نسبت حجمي 3:1 و پرليت-ورمي‌كوليت با نسبت حجمي 3:1) به‌عنوان كرت فرعي بودند. نتايج آزمايش نشان داد كه، گياهان واقع در رژيم آبياري 100 درصد (شاهد) و 120 درصد به دليل فراهم شدن ميزان بهينه آب مصرفي و عناصر غذايي كافي، عملكرد بهتري از نظر طول شاخه گل، وزن تر و خشك شاخه گل، قطر ساقه و قطر غنچه گل، تعداد شاخه گل برداشت شده، محتواي نسبي آب برگ و محتواي كلروفيل a نسبت به گياهان واقع در شرايط تنش آبي دارا بودند؛ اين در حالي است كه تنش آبي بر صفت طول غنچه گل متاثر نشد. هم‌چنين اثر بستر كشت بر تمامي صفات اندازه‌گيري شده به استثناي طول شاخه معني‌دار نشد. علاوه بر اين بر همكنش تيمار رژيم آبي در بستر كشت بر هيچ يك از صفات اندازه‌گيري شده به جز قطر غنچه گل، اثر معني‌داري نداشت. به‌طور‌كلي تأمين بهينه آب مصرفي منجر به بهبود صفات رويشي و فيزيولوژيكي در گياه شد؛ بنابراين در شرايط كشت بدون خاك گل رز رقم سامورايي، تيمار 100 درصد (شاهد) و 120 درصد نياز آبياري به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترين سطوح رژيم آبي در شرايط اقليمي مشهد پيشنهاد مي‌شوند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Rose is one of the most important ornamental plants that is widely cultivated in many countries. The optimal growth and development of commercial cut rose varieties is essential to supply water needed for plants. If the water level is reduced at different stages of production, it can have damaging effects on the vegetative properties of the cut rose. Therefore, accurate estimation of water requirement and adaptation of irrigation program based on water requirement of the plant and its growth conditions can improve water use efficiency, avoid stress and control production.
Materials and Methods
In order to evaluate different levels of irrigation requirement in combination with crop media on vegetative characteristics of rose CV. Samurai, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications in greenhouse conditions of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The needed irrigation of the plant 120%, 100%, 80%, 60% and sub plot consisted of three different substrate levels (Perlite, perlite_cocopeat 1:3, perlite _Vermiculite 1:3). The traits included a stem length, branch diameter, flower bud length and diameter, fresh and dry weight of flower bud, number of flowering branches, chlorophyll a, b, relative leaf water content (RWC).
Results and Discussion
Results revealed that among the experimental treatments, water stress treatment had significant effect on all measured traits except flower bud length. However, culture medium treatment and interaction of media water stress did not affect all measured physiological and biochemical parameters except for branch length and flower bud diameter. The results of this experiment showed that the 120% and 100% water regimes significantly increased the measured physiological and biochemical traits (shoot length, fresh and dry weight of flower shoot, shoot diameter, number of shoots, RWC, chlorophyll a)included in this study. However, the 60% aqueous regime had adverse effects on the parameters considered while the highest amount of chlorophyll b was obtained in the 60% aqueous regime. In the present study, the results indicate that water stress has adverse effects on all vegetative characteristics of cut roses, therefore, it is suggested that the aquatic requirement of the plant be accurately estimated in order to achieve high quality roses. Also, the flower bud length traits are not significant at water stress levels, because plant roots are in close contact with water under cultivated conditions and respond to water stress by improving the electrical conductivity in the plant. Therefore, it is recommended that due to the negative effects of water stress on the quantitative and qualitative traits of rose, special attention should be paid to the problem of accurate estimation of water requirement and optimal water supply. Therefore, it is important to improve the vegetative and physiological traits of roses in non-soil conditions using appropriate cultivation for future studies in order to achieve desirable results.
Conclusion
Optimal water supply results in improved vegetative and physiological traits in the plant. Therefore in no-tillage conditions of rose samurai, 100% (control) and 120% irrigation requirement are recommended as the most appropriate levels of irrigation regime in Mashhad region.
