بررسي استعارۀ مفهومي در آيات دالّ بر تجسّم اعمال

An Analysis of the Conceptual Metaphor of the Verses related to the embodiment of deeds

از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻌﺎره، ﻣﻨﺤﺼـﺮ در زﺑـﺎن و واژﮔـﺎن ﻧﯿﺴـﺖ ﺑﻠﮑـﻪ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮﻣﯽ ﻓﺮاﮔﯿـﺮ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑـﺪ و ﺑـﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﺘﻌﺎرۀ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ – ﮐﻪ در آن ﯾﮏ ﺣﻮزۀ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺣﻮزۀ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ دﯾﮕـﺮ ﻓﻬﻤﯿـﺪه ﻣﯽﺷـﻮد- ﻧﻤـﻮد ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. در اﺳﺘﻌﺎره ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﺑﺴـﯿﺎري از ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ، ﺑـﻪ ﺧﺼـﻮص ﻣﻔـﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋـﯽ، از ﻃﺮﯾـﻖ اﻧﻄﺒـﺎق اﺳـﺘﻌﺎري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داﻧﺴﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ و داﯾﺮۀ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدهاي از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿـﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪ در اﺧﺘﯿـﺎر ﻣﺨﺎﻃـﺐ ﻗـﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي دﯾﻨﯽ ﻗﺮآن ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳـﺘﻌﺎري، ﻣﻔﻬﻮمﺳـﺎزي ﻧﻤﻮده، ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺗﺠﺴﻢ اﻋﻤﺎل اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﯾـﺎت ﻣﺮﺑـﻮط ﺑـﻪ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ زواﯾـﺎي ﻧﻬﻔﺘـﮥ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاﯾﯽ و ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﮕﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آن را ﻓﺮادﯾﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑـﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ– ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ و ﺑـﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، اﺳﺘﻌﺎرهﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ را در آن دﺳﺘﻪ از آﯾﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺻﺮﯾﺢ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺠﺴﻢ اﻋﻤﺎل دﻻﻟﺖ دارﻧـﺪ و ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻌﺎري ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮي ﻟﯿﮑﺎف و ﺟﺎﻧﺴﻮن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨـﺪي اﺳـﺘﻌﺎرهﻫﺎي ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ذﻫﻨﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮزۀ؛ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﻨﯿﺎد، ﺷﯽء ﺑﻨﯿﺎد و ﺟﺎﻧﺪار ﺑﻨﯿﺎد، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار داد و ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ دﺳـﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ؛ ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ آﯾـﺎت دالّ ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺠﺴـﻢ اﻋﻤـﺎل ﺑـﺎ ﺣﻮزهﻫـﺎي ﻣﺒـﺪأ؛ ﮐـﺎﻻ، ﻏﺒـﺎر ﭘﺮاﮐﻨـﺪه، ﻏـﻞ و زﻧﺠﯿـﺮ و... ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺎمﻧﮕﺎﺷﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن؛ ﻋﻤﻞ، ﮐﺎﻻ اﺳﺖ، ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن، ﻏﺒﺎر ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺎﻓﺮان، ﻏـﻞ و زﻧﺠﯿـﺮ اﺳـﺖ و... ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻤﻮسﺗﺮ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﻮد.

in consideration of cognitive semantics, Metaphor is Not limited to language and vocabulary it finds a pervasive meaning and is expressed as a conceptual metaphor Where one conceptual domain is understood based on another conceptual domain in conceptual metaphor, Many abstract concepts find order through metaphorical adaptation of information and transfer of knowledge and available to the reader a wide range of concepts with a new expression. One of the most important religious teachings of the holy Quran conceptualized abstract concepts with metaphorical structure, is a matter of embodying actions and can Show to the reader review the verses related to it the hidden angles of the content and the correspondences and highlights in it. This article is a descriptive-analytical method and with a cognitive approach examined conceptual metaphors in those verses indicate the embodiment of deeds explicitly which corresponds to metaphorical patterns by Lycaf and Johnson and Based on the classification of objective and subjective metaphors and achieved in three areas; foundation structure, the object of the foundation and the living thing of the foundation. the results that represent the above verses with areas of origin, commodity, scattered dust, shackles and with metaphorical expressions such as, action is a commodity, the action of the criminals are scattered dust, the action of the disbelievers is shackles and... caused concepts in them transferred to the reader more tangible and understandable.