جايگاه شهرهاي ابهر، زنجان و سلطانيه در نظام تقسيمات جغرافيايي اداري ايران دوره اسلامي

The Administrative Geography of the Old Cities of Abhar-Zanjān Plain: A Study on the Sultānīyya City During the Islamic Period

اﺑﻬﺮ، زﻧﺠﺎن و ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﯿﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻬﻦ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮاناﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ دوره اﺳﻼﻣﯽ درﺑﺎره اﻧﺘﺴﺎب آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از اﯾﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از اﯾﺮان، ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه اﯾﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺒﺎل/ ﻋﺮاق ﻋﺠﻢ و آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن، ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﮔﻮن و ﮔﺎه آﺷﻔﺘﻪ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﮑﺘﻮب ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﺎت ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ-اداري اﯾﺮان دوره اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺑﭙﺮدازد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي اﺑﻬﺮ و زﻧﺠﺎن در ﻗﺮون اوﻟﯿﻪ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﺟﺰ در ﺳﺪه ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻫﺠﺮي، از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺟﺒﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرﻓﺘﻨﺪ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺮوﯾﺎز از ﻧﻈﺮ اداري ﻣﻨﺘﺴﺐ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ دو ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮد. در اواﯾﻞ ﺳﺪه ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي، ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﺷﺮوﯾﺎز ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺳﺘﻘﺮارﻫﺎ و ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﯿﻪ، در ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﭘﺎﯾﺘﺨﺖ ﻋﺮاق ﻋﺠﻢ، ﻫﻮﯾﺖ اداري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﯽ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﻮل ﺷﻬﺮ در ﺳﺪه دﻫﻢ، ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﯿﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻢ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮔﺎه ﺟﺰو ﻋﺮاق ﻋﺠﻢ و ﮔﺎه آذرﺑﺎﯾﺠﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرﻓﺖ. در اواﯾﻞ ﺳﺪه ﺳﯿﺰدﻫﻢ ﻫﺟﺮي، ﺑﺎ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي وﻻﯾﺖ ﺧﻤﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ زﻧﺠﺎن، ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﯿﻪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ زﻧﺠﺎن ﺑﻮد و اﺑﻬﺮ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪاي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ از زﻧﺠﺎن اﻣﺎ ﺟﺰو ﻫﻤﯿﻦ وﻻﯾﺖ ﺑﻮد.

The Zanjan-Abhar plain is one of the most important region in the north western of Iran. However, now, it remains as an unknown place historically and archaeologically. This paper aims to examine the position of citis suited in the grand Abhar-Zanjān plain in the system of administrative division in Iran from the Early Islamic to the Qajar period. The results show that Zanjān and Abhar towns were considered sometime in Jebāl province, sometime in Deilam and sometime in Azarbaījān. In the 8th A.H century, by the construction of Sultāniyya in Sharouyaz, it became as seasonal capital of the Ilkhan with an independent administrative identity and distinguished city from Abhar and Zanjān. In early 10th A.H century and with the decline of Sultāniyya, its position reduced to a village in Jebāl or sometimes in Azarbaījān, affiliated to Zanjān and by the end of 13th A.H. century was a village depended to khamseh province.