پيامدهاي اجتماعي اشغال هجده‌سالۀ تبريز (993ـ1012ق/ 1585ـ 1604م)

The Eighteen Years of Occupation of Tabriz (993-1012 AH/1585—1604AD) Causes and Consequences

اختلافات داخلي دورۀ شاه محمد خدابنده، مشكلات اوايل حكومت شاه‌عباس و صلح استانبول موجب تداوم اشغال تبريز شد. از سال 993ق/ 1585م تبريز به اشغال امپراتوري عثماني درآمد و اندكي بيش از هجده سال زير سلطۀ همسايۀ غربي قرار گرفت. اشغال هجده‌سالۀ تبريز با استقرار سيستم ديوان‌سالاري، نظام تيمار و حضور تعداد زيادي از قواي بيگانه همراه بود كه باتوجه‌به تفاوت‌هاي دو طرف، پيامدهاي اجتماعي چندي به همراه داشت. در پژوهش حاضر تلاش مي‌شود با روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي و استفاده از منابع كتابخانه‌اي پيامدهاي متعدد اشغال شهر را موردمطالعه قرار داده و به سؤال اصلي پاسخ داده شود. اشغال هجده‌سالۀ تبريز با چه پيامدهاي اجتماعي همراه بوده است؟ به‌نظر مي‌رسد حملات و اشغال شهر علاوه‌بر آسيب‌هاي مستقيم به بافت كالبدي و عامل انساني كه سبب افول شهر و شهرنشيني شده، پيامدهاي اجتماعي چندي در حوزه‌هاي سياسي، اداري، اجتماعي و فرهنگي به همراه داشته است.

Internal conflicts during the reign of Shah Mohammad Khodabandeh, the problems of the early reign of Shah Abbas, and the peace treaty of Istanbul played a significant role in the occupation of Tabriz and its continuation. In 993 AH, Tabriz was occupied by the Ottoman Empire and as a result it was dominated by its western neighbor for around eighteen years. The eighteen-year occupation of Tabriz was accompanied by the establishment of a bureaucratic system, a system of treatment and the presence of a large number of foreign forces, which led to various social consequences. By applying descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, the present paper seeks to study the reasons of continuation of the city occupation as well as investigate its social impact and answer the main question of the research: “What are the social consequences of the occupation of Tabriz for eighteen years?” It seems that the war and occupation of the city not only had direct damages to the physical structure of the city, the humane factors inhibited in it, and the temporary decline of urbanization with the establishment of the Ottoman forces; it also had several social consequences such as migration, problems related to source livelihood and conflicts of opinion.