كليدواژه :
آلودگي هوا , ماشين‌آلات ساختماني , پروژه‌هاي عمراني , محيط زيست
چكيده فارسي :
در اين تحقيق ميزان آلايندگي و تأثير ماشين‌آلات ساختماني در آلودگي هوا در پروژه احداث ايستگاه قطار شهري شيراز مورد بررسي قرار گرفت. پارامترهاي آلودگي هوا از ايستگاه سنجش سازمان حفاظت محيط زيست مستقر در نزديك اجراي پروژه شامل PM10, PM2.5 , So2 , No2 , O3 , CO جمع‌آوري گرديد. اطلاعاتي از مدت زمان فعاليت پروژه، نوع، تعداد ماشين‌آلات فعال در پروژه و ساعات فعاليت آن‌ها از سازمان قطار شهري جمع‌آوري گرديد. در اطلاعات جمع‌آوري شده از اداره هواشناسي وضعيت جوي و ميزان گرد و غبار مشخص گرديد. سوخت مصرفي ماشين‌آلات و تجهيزات كارگاهي با توجه به ميزان فعاليت كارگاهي روزانه هر دستگاه محاسبه و ميزان آلايندگي براساس ميزان سوخت مصرفي مشخص گرديد. در تجزيه و تحليل و بررسي همه اطلاعات ميزان و درصد آلاينده‌هاي هوا ناشي از فعاليت پروژه عمراني مشخص گرديد. در مقايسه ميانگين آلايندگي، هركدام از آلاينده‌ها ناشي از فعاليت كارگاهي با ميانگين آلاينده‌هاي اندازه‌گيري توسط ايستگاه سنجش، درصد آلايندگي ناشي از فعاليت كارگاهي به اين صورت مي‌باشد %56/46=CO، %48/46=O3، %53/49=No2، %68/60=So2، %22/39=Pm10، %08/56=Pm2.5 .
ارتباط مستقيمي بين ميزان آلاينده‌هاي اندازه‌گيري شده توسط ايستگاه سنجش و ميزان فعاليت كارگاهي مشاهده گرديد بطوريكه در ماه‌هايي كه فعاليت كارگاهي حداكثر وجود داشت شاخص فعاليت كارگاهي ماشين‌آلات بالاترين اعداد را نشان مي‌دهد و به همان نسبت ايستگاه سنجش آلودگي هوا نيز اعداد بيشتري براي آلاينده‌ها در اين ماه‌ها نشان مي‌دهد. دستگاه‌هايي كه شاخص فعاليت كارگاهي بالاتري دارند، مصرف سوخت بيشتر و ميزان سهم بيشتري در آلودگي هوا دارند
چكيده لاتين :
Increasing human activities for development such as civil projects and construction
operations and the impacts of such activities on the environment is of great importance.
Construction projects as one of the sources of air pollutants can be named as such
activities. This pollution can be divided in two parts, emissions from the operation of the
machinery, and equipment used in the projects and the other dust particles generated by
such activities on air pollution. In this study, the amount of pollution and impact of
construction machinery was studied on air pollution in the project of construction of Shiraz
Urban Train Station, located in Imam Hussein Square of Shiraz. Air pollution data and
parameters were collected and extracted from the EPA station which is near the project
implementation site, where the project activity was timed, including PM10, PM2.5, So2 , No2
, O3 , CO. Some pieces of information were collected from the Urban Train Organization.
Such as the duration of the project activity, the type and number of machines involved in
the project and their hours of operation from. According to the data collected from the
Meteorological Office, the weather and the amount of dust were determined during the
time periods. Workshop equipment and fuel consumption were calculated based on the
daily workshop activities of each machine and the amount of contamination was
determined based on the amount of fuel consumed. As well as analysis, review and the
percentage of air pollutants caused by the construction project activity were specified. In
compared to the average of the pollutants, each of the pollutants caused by the workshop
activity with the average pollutants measured by the measurement station, the percentage
of pollution caused by the workshop activity is CO=46/56%, O3=46/48%, NO249/53%,
SO2=60/68%, PM10=39/22, PM2.5=56/08. There was a direct relationship between the
pollutants measured by the measuring station an-d the activity level of the workshop, with
the highest activity index in the months when the workshop showed the highest number of
pollutants, and at the same time, the air pollution monitoring station had higher numbers of
pollutants in these months. It shows. Devices that have a higher workshop activity index
have higher fuel consumption and a higher share of air pollution.
