كليدواژه :
اقتصادِ فرهنگ , سياست‌هاي فراملي , صنايع فرهنگي , سياست‌گذاري فرهنگي
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه صنايع فرهنگي از مهم‌ترين مؤلفه‌هاي مركزي اقتصادِ فرهنگ و جزء صنايعِ با‌ارزش افزودۀ بالاست كه در سياست‌گذاري‌ها، براي دستيابي به توسعه مد‌نظر قرار مي‌گيرد. توسعه‌نيافتگي ايران در اقتصادِ فرهنگ با وجود ذخاير غني فرهنگي و نوپا‌بودن سياست‌گذاري در اين حوزه، بررسي سياست‌هاي مرتبط با آن را ضروري مي‌سازد. هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر، بررسي جايگاه و مؤلفه‌هاي اقتصادِ فرهنگ در سياست‌گذاري‌ها و خلأهاي آن با‌توجه به الگو‌هاي نظري است؛ بدين منظور اسناد بالادستي مرتبط، با روش تحليل محتواي كيفي بررسي و 455 كد اوليه و 33 مقوله استخراج شد. نتايج تحقيق نشان مي‌دهد كه به‌طور كلي در اسناد بالادستي به مؤلفه‌هاي توسعۀ اقتصادِ فرهنگ در قالب مضامين اصليِ توليد، توزيع، مصرف، زيرساخت، سطح، نوع و واكنش به جهاني‌شدن توجه شده است؛ اما كميت و چگونگي آنها متفاوت و در برخي موارد كاستي‌هايي دارد. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي‌دهد كه از ميان مؤلفه‌هاي سياست‌گذاري در اقتصادِ فرهنگ، به بخش توليد بيش از توزيع و مصرف در سياست‌هاي كلان كشور توجه شده است؛ همچنين به توليد محصولات فرهنگي، متناسب با بازارهاي جهاني و منطقه‌اي و ارائۀ آن در اين بازارها توجهي كمتر و اكثر سياست‌ها در سطح ملي تنظيم شده است؛ بنابراين تأكيد مقاله بر اين موضوع است كه پيشرفت اقتصادِ فرهنگ در گرو توجه و رشد متعادل همۀ بخش‌هاي آن اعم از توليد، توزيع و مصرف است و توجه يكسان به بخش‌ها و سطوح مختلف اقتصادِ فرهنگ در تدوين سياست‌ها ضروري است.
چكيده لاتين :
According to the prevailing approach to development, the path of growth at its various micro and macro levels has been made through the production of and focus on high value-added industries like cultural industries in recent decades. According to UNESCO, cultural economics is a very strategic industry in the national economy in most developed countries in the world and governments have played an important role in it. Policy-making in the process of production, distribution, and consumption of cultural products is one of the most well-known and important tasks of governments throughout the world, which is considered as the main axis for the development of socio-cultural economics. Despite having rich cultural resources, Iran is far behind the developed countries and even the similar countries earning their incomes from the most important cultural industries according to the available evidence and statistics. Planning in the form of policies, laws, programs, and rituals in the cultural industry has an important role in the growth and development of this sector and thus the present policies need to be reviewed. Based on the theories, models, and policy discourses in the field of cultural industries and cultural economics, there are several components in policy-making that can be classified according to varied criteria, including level, section, type, and reaction to globalization. Based on the criterion of level, policies are made at the three local, regional, and national levels. Based on the criterion of sector, they are made in the sector of cultural economy, including production, distribution, and consumption concerning the required infrastructure. A type-based policy-making has two interrelated classifications, which include direct and indirect policies and regulations (distributional, regulatory, redistributive, and stakeholder policies). Finally, policies are categorized according to their types of response to globalization, which include prevention, resistance, and development policies. In this study, the upstream documents and their gaps were examined based on the different types of policy models in the field of cultural economics.
