استراتژي‌هاي بقا در شرايط فقر، در ميان افراد كم‌برخوردار شهر مشهد

Survival Strategies of Poor People in Mashhad City

افراد كمبرخوردار بهصورت روزمره در مواجهه با شرايط نابسامان اقتصادي، در حال مبارزه براي بقا هستند. پژوهش حاضر با‌توجه به پژوهشهاي اندك در حوزۀ استراتژيهاي بقاي افراد كم‌برخوردار در ايران و با هدف توجه به تجربۀ زيستۀ خود اين افراد، صورت پذيرفته است. در اين پژوهش از نظريۀ رفتاري/تصميم گيري، نظريۀ سرمايۀ انساني، نظريۀ داراييها و ريسك مالي/درآمدي و نظريۀ اجتناب از خطر براي افزايش حساسيت نظري استفاده شده است. روش پژوهش حاضر كيفي، تكنيك جمع آوري داده، مصاحبه و تكنيك تحليل داده و مضمون طبق چارچوب براون و كلارك است. يافته‌هاي حاصل از 22 مصاحبه در ميان افراد كمبرخوردار شهر مشهد است. استراتژيهاي بقاي به كار گرفته شده، شامل استراتژي‌هاي حمايت‌جوييِ معيشت‌محور، اشتغال گزينيِ ناقص، آموزش و كسب مهارت‌هاي پايه‌اي، نزول شديد مصرف خانوار و فعاليت‌هاي مقطعي مجرمانه بوده است.

Poverty is one of the biggest and long-standing challenges in the world and the fight against it is a serious problem. Many studies have tried to identify this phenomenon, discover its causes, and deal with it. One of the most important aspects of this knowledge is recognizing the strategies that poor people use to survive in poverty. Although recent global studies of the phenomenon of poverty have sought to identify it from the perspective of the poor themselves by hearing their voices, domestic studies have paid less attention to this issue. Nonetheless, the need for this knowledge is strongly felt in our country, especially in the current economic conditions, i.e., high economic fluctuations and hourly increases in prices triggered by direct decisions of the government in such issues as increasing the price of gasoline and its occasional interventions to enhance the prices of its services like water, electricity, and gas, political unrest and augmented economic sanctions, and economic consequences of the Corona recession and unemployment, which have caused persistent shocks to the poor. Therefore, adoption of proper survival strategies in a metropolis like Mashhad City with very large marginal areas involved in a growing population, inadequate distribution of wealth, and unbalanced development is very important. This research was done due to the importance of the survival strategies of low-income people in Iran and lack of research in this field with the aim of paying attention to the poor people’s life experiences