اصل معاشرت به معروف در قرآن (رويكرد مبنامحور در مقايسه با رويكرد رفتارمحور)

The Principle of Treating with Kindness in the Qur'an: A foundation- Based Approach versus the Behavior-based Approach

اين پژوهش به انگيزۀ ترسيم فرهنگ قرآن كريم دربارۀ مبنامحوري اصل معاشرت معروف‌گونه با زنان و تعارض آن با رويكرد رفتارمحور برخي قرآن‌پژوهان در اين باره، با روش توصيفي ـ تحليلي و بهره گرفتن از تفسير اجتهادي، آيات مربوط و برداشت‌هاي قرآن‌پژوهان را مورد واكاوي قرار داده و طي آن روشن ساخته كه نگاه قرآن كريم به قاعدۀ مزبور، نگاهي مبنامحور بوده كه به شخصيت و كرامت زن نيز توجه نموده است. بر خلاف رويكرد رفتارمحور به اصل معاشرت به معروف با زنان كه حسن معاشرت و مداراي با زن را نه از جنبۀ شايستگي‌هاي وي، بلكه از جهت ترحم و انگارۀ ضعف و سستي زنان در برخي صفات انساني و برتري ذاتي مردان نسبت به آن‌ها، لازم مي‌داند فرهنگ قرآن كريم، برتري جنسيتي را مردود مي‌شمارد و آفرينش زن را كه در رويكرد رفتارمحور از دندۀ مرد بوده و به تعابيري از نقص و پستي برخوردار بوده همچون آفرينش مرد، از نفس واحده مي‌شمارد و تفاوتي از اين جهت در نظام آفرينش انسان‌ها قائل نيست.

Using a descriptive-analytical method this research attempts to discover the culture of the holy Quran on the foundation- based Approach of the Principle of “treating with Kindness with women” and its conflict with the behavior-based approach of some of the Qur'an’s scholars in this regard. It also takes the advantages of using independent interpretation of relevant verses as well as the Qur'an scholars’ perceptions and analyzing them. As a result of these analyses, it was illustrated that Quran holds a foundation- based approach towards this issue and considers the personality of a female as the subject of behavior. According to the culture of the Holy Qur'an, a female, like a male, has dignity. Culture of Quran is opposed to a behavior-based approach towards the principle of treating with kindness with female which necessitates tolerance and kindness towards female not in terms of female’s merits and worthiness but as a result of considering females as piteous, weak and frail in some of human traits and believing in the inherent superiority of males over females. The culture of the Holy Qur'an rejects the gender superiority, and contrary to behavior-based approach which believes that female is inferior to male and it has some defects in its creation, it considers exactly the same creation for male and female, both from one unit essence and recommends that regarding this sense, there is neither difference nor superiority in creation system of human beings.