پديد آورندگان :
جهانتيغ، محمد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ , دهمرده، مهدي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ , گلوي، محمد داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ , خمري، عيسي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ , پيري، حليمه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ - داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي - ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ
كليدواژه :
خاك , رطوبت حجمي , عملكرد سير , كود گاوي
چكيده فارسي :
ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰيﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎﻻ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﺳـﺖ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎدي و ﮐﻮد ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻤّﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺳﯿﺮ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار، در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎدي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 100 و 200 ﺗـﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول و ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐﻮد ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 25 ،20 و 30 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎدي، ﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي و اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﯿﺮﭼﻪ، آﻟﯿﺴـﯿﻦ، ﻧﯿﺘـﺮوژن ﺑﺮگ، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺧﺎك، دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎك، درﺻﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﯽ و ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﯿﺮﭼﻪ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﮐـﻮد ﮔﺎوي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ )60/67 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ( و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ )18/33 ﻋﺪد( از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 100 ﺗـﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر ﻣﺎﺳـﻪ ﺑـﺎدي در ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف 30 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ )13/14 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر(، ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي )12/07 ﺗـﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﯿﺮﭼﻪ )12/65 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ(، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﯿﺴﯿﻦ )6/26 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم(، ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع آﺑﯿـﺎري )733/33 ﻟﯿﺘـﺮ(، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺧﺎك )16/26 درﺻﺪ(، ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان دﻣﺎي ﺧﺎك )33/83 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﮔﺮاد(، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ آﻟﯽ )1/97 درﺻـﺪ(، در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 200 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎدي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف 30 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐـﻪ ﻫـﺪف از ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺳـﯿﺮ دﺳـﺖ ﯾـﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 200 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺑﺎدي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺼﺮف 30 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻮد ﮔﺎوي ﺑـﺮاي ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺳﯿﺮ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮ
چكيده لاتين :
One of the important requirements in crop planning in order to achieve high yield and optimum quality is evaluation of plant nutrition systems. The present study was conducted in order to evaluation using the sand and domestic manure levels on growth indices and allicene content in garlic (Allium sativium L.), as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications, in University of Zabol Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018. Treatments, were considered in three levels including of: 0, 100, 200 (ton.ha-1) as the first factor, and cow manure in four levels including 0, 20, 25, 30 (ton.ha-1) as the second factor. Analysis of variance showed that levels of sand, cow manure and their interactions on plant height, leaf number, biological yield, economic yield, garlic diameter, allicin, leaf nitrogen, soil volumetric moisture, soil temperature, organic carbon percentage and the total irrigation were significant. The harvest index was significantly affected by simple effects of sand and cow manure levels, and the number of garlic and potassium leaves were affected by cow manure levels. The highest plant height (60.67 cm) and leaf number (18.33) were obtained from the treatment of sand (100 ton.ha-1) in term of consumption cow manure(30 ton.ha-1). The most biological yield (13.14 ton.ha-1), economic yield (12.07 ton.ha-1), the highest diameter of garlic (12.65 mm) and the highest amount of allicin (6.26 mg.g-1), the least total irrigation (733.33 lit), The highest soil volumetric moisture (16.26%), the least soil temperature (33.83 °C), the highest organic carbon content (1.97%), were obtained from sand(200 ton.ha-1) under cow manure(30 ton.ha-1). Since the goal of garlic cultivation is to achieve the best yield and yield components, therefore, (200 ton.ha-1) sand treatment under 30 ton.ha-1 manure is suitable for garlic cultivation in the region.
