كليدواژه :
ﻫﻤﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ , وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري , ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﺣﻘﻮق , ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﮥ ﮐﯿﻔﺮي
چكيده فارسي :
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮐﺎروﯾﮋه ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ از ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﯾﺸﺎن در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮادث و ﺧﻄﺮات ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺖ، ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ادارۀ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري، ﺣﻖ و ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺮاي دوﻟﺖ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري، ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻋﺎدي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ را ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ داده و اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮد ر ا ﻣﯽ ﻃﻠﺒﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، اﻗﺪاﻣﺎت دوﻟﺖ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﻧﯿﺰ ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن و روﯾﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﯾﻦ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺣﻘﻮق وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري، ﻣﺘﮑﻔﻞ ﻣﻘﺮرات، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و روﯾﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮۀ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺎﻧﻮن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮي، ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪاﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري در ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﮥ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي در ﺣﻘﻮق اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺿﻄﺮاري وﺟﻮد دارد؟ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ﺷﻮراي ﻋﺎﻟﯽ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻞﮔﺸﺎي ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰي و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻮده و ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺳﺘﺎد ﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎ و اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺼﻮﺑﺎت آن ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ 79ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، و ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﻨﺪي از ﺗﺠﺮﺑﮥ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﺣﻘﻮق وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺟﺮاي ﺧﻮدﮐﺎر ﺧﻮد، ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ اﻣﻮر ﮐﺸﻮر در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري، ﻣﺠﻮز وﺿﻊ ﻣﻘﺮرات ﺧﺎص ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﺿﻄﺮاري را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻧﻘﺾ ﻣﻘﺮرات و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻦ ﺣﺘﻤﯿﺖ و ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ اﺟﺮاي ﻗﺎﻧﻮن را ﻋﻬﺪهدار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Considering that one of the main tasks of the political system is to protect citizens and ensure their safety in the face of various accidents and dangers, setting the mechanism of community administration in an emergency situation is a right and obligation for the government. Emergencies change the normal course of life and require appropriate measures. However, government actions in emergencies also need to be bound by the law and procedures designed to manage this situation. Emergency rights are déligible for regulation, management structure and procedures, and how to enforce the law in an emergency. In this paper, with analytical and interpretive method, we have addressed the question that considering the models of emergency situation exposure in the law of the studied countries, is there an efficient legal system in Iranian law for managing emergencies? The findings indicate that although the mechanism of the Supreme National Security Council is difficult to tackle prescription regulations and unforeseen circumstances, and the formation of the National Coronavirus Headquarters and the implementation of its resolutions are justified by the same logic, according to Article 79 of the Constitution, and benefiting from the experience of different countries, the development of emergency rights is essential. Comprehensive and efficient regulations that, with its automatic implementation, while managing the affairs of the country in an emergency situation, have the authorization to enact specific regulations in accordance with the emergency situation, and to regulate the responses to violations of the regulations and to determine the custodian's apparatus to ensure the certainty and certainty of law enforcement.
