مقايسه شيوه تاريخنگاري پيگولوسكايا و مارك بلوخ پيرامون نظام فئوداليسم

Comparison of the Pigulevskaya and MarcBloch historiography method on the system of feudalism

اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﻨﮕﺎري ﭘﯿﮕﻮﻟﻮﺳﮑﺎﯾﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﻌﺮوف روس را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎرك ﺑﻠﻮخ از ﭘﯿﺸـﮕﺎﻣﺎن ﻣﮑﺘﺐ آﻧﺎل ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ درﺑﺎره ﻧﻈﺎم ﻓﺌﻮداﻟﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﻮردﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﻣﺎرك ﺑﻠﻮخ ﻓﺌﻮداﻟﯿﺴﻢ را در اروﭘﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﮐﺮد اﻣﺎ ﭘﯿﮕﻮﻟﻮﺳـﮑﺎﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺎرﮐﺴـﯿﺴـﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺮق ز ﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻮﯾﮋه اﯾﺮان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷـﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺳـﺆال ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﭼﺮا ﭘﯿﮕﻮﻟﻮﺳﮑﺎﯾﺎ از واژه »ﻓﺌﻮدال« ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوت آن ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي اﯾﺮان در آﺛﺎر ﺧﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳــﺖ؟ ﻓﺮﺿــﯿﻪ ﺣﺎﺻــﻠﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﺳــﺖ ﮐﻪ وي ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎرﮐﺴــﯿﺴــﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ دﯾﺪﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻞ ﮔﺮاﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ و ﺳــﯿﺮ ﺧﻄﯽ در اﻧﺪﯾﺸــﻪ ﻣﺎرﮐﺲ را در ﻫﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺟﻬﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﺮان ﺻﺎدق داﻧﺴﺘﻪ و ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﺻﻮرت آن را ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼف آﻧﺎل ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ داده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﻨﮕﺎري ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻒ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد و زواﯾﺎي ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸــﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎرك ﺑﻠﻮخ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ آﻧﺎل ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻫﻤﻪ ﺷــﻮاﻫﺪ را در ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ روﯾﺪاد ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮده اﺳــﺖ اﻣﺎ ﭘﯿﮕﻮﻟﻮﺳــﮑﺎﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮوي از ﻣﻮرﺧﺎن ﺷــﻮروي ﻫﻤﺎن زﯾﺮﺑﻨﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺎرﮐﺴﯿﺴﺘﯽ را ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ.

This article to the comparative study of the historiography method Pigulevskaya Famous writer Russian with Marc Bloch, of the pioneers of the French Annales School of about system of the feudalism. Marc Bloch examined Feudalism in Europe, but Pigulevskaya with a more Marxist viewpoint, noticed the Orient, especially Iran. The question therefore arises as to why Pigulevskaya used the word "feudal" in spite of its difference with the economic structure of Iran? It is hypothesized that she like Marxists with a holistic view her considered the stage of evolution and linear trajectory of Marx's thought to be everywhere in the world, including Iran, and thus generalized it against the Annales School. This paper uses the method of research in historiography description and analysis based examines the dimensions and angles of the subject. Findings show, Marc Bloch, in view of the prevailing thinking over the Annales School, has used the structure and all the evidence in explaining an event, but Pigulevskayaby following Soviet historians, has considered the same economic and Marxist tought infrastructure.