نظام طبقاتي در بلوچستان: زمينه هاي تاريخي و پيامدهاي اجتماعي

Class system in Baluchistan: historical contexts and social consequences

ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺗﺪاوم، ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺮان داﻧﺴﺖ. ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ »ﺳﻨﺖ« ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، در ردﯾﻒ دوﻟﺖ ﭘﺎﺗﺮﯾﻤﻮﻧﯿﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ، اﯾﻠﯽ ﻋﺸﺎﯾﺮي ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮐﺎر اﺟﺒﺎري اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻈﺎم ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن در ﺧﻮد دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي را ﺑﺎزﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻧﻈﺎم ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ)روش ﺗﯿﭗ اﯾﺪآل وﺑﺮ(، ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن، دﻻﯾﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ -اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﺗﺪاوم ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ، ﮐﻨﺶ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮات ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت، ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ، ﺗﺒﻌﯿﺾ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ زﻧﺎن، ﻧﺰاع ﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯽ، ﺷﮑﺎف ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺗﯽ، ﺗﺎﺧﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ، ﭘﺎﯾﻤﺎل ﺷﺪن ﺣﻘﻮق ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪي اﻗﺸﺎر ﺿﻌﯿﻒ و ﺳﮑﻮن ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮدﻣﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The social structure of the Baluchistan region can be considered a continuation of a part of the historical and cultural structure of Iran. Due to the rule of 'tradition' over social relations, in the ranks of the patrimonial state, the nomadic tribe is based on traditional action and the division of labor. The Baluchistan class system has historical data that represents the structure and method of agricultural production. The significance of this study is based on the important and decisive position of the class system in the social life of the people of Baluchistan. This research has been done using the descriptiveanalytical method and historical sociology (Ideal Weber method), relying on library resources and using sociological theories to identify and explain the causal conditions governing the structure of Baluchistan society and its social consequences. By studying the sociology and history of the structure of the social system of Baluchistan, the historical-social reasons have been the stability and continuity of the traditional class system, the traditional action and the method of agricultural production. The effects of social consequences such as migration, insecurity, discrimination against women, mass conflicts, class divisions, cultural delays, underdevelopment, and violation of civil rights of the poor and cultural stagnation have affected the people of this region.