اثر تيمارهاي آب شور و برخي كودهاي آلي بر صفات فيزيولوژيكي و رشد گياه لمون گراس (Cymbopogon citratus)

Investigating the Effect of Saline Water Treatments and Some Organic Fertilizers on lemongrass' (Cymbopogon citratus) Physiological Features and Growth

به منظور بررسي تاثير شوري آب و برخي كودهاي آلي شور بر شاخص هاي فيزيولوژيكي و رشد گياه لمون گراس (Cymbopogon citratus)، آزمايش گلخانه اي با هفت سطح شوري شامل آب غيرشور به عنوان شاهد، آب شور در سه سطح 4، 10و 15 دسي زيمنس بر متر و كودهاي آلي شور در سه سطح شامل كود پودر ماهي با شوري 5/2، كود مايع ماهي با شوري 4/9 و ﮐﻮد ﻓﺮآوري ﮐﺸﺘﺎرﮔﺎه ﻃﯿﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري 6/4دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ در 4 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸـﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح كاملا ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 4 ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ رﺷﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ و ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺷﻮري آب و ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار داﺷﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ را ﺗﯿﻤﺎر آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري 15دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ داﺷﺖ، و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 0/37 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮد ﭘﻮدر ﮐﺸﺘﺎرﮔﺎه ﻃﯿﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﻮري 4/6 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﺗﻤـﺎم ﺻـﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ رﺷﺪي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/2 ﻋﺪد( در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮔﯿـﺎه ﻟﻤﻮن ﮔﺮاس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎلاي 5 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﺎس اﺳﺖ اﻣﺎ ﺷﻮري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 5 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ را ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و اﻣﮑﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﻧﺴ ﺒ ﺘﺎً ﺷﻮر ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در زراﻋﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه وﺟﻮد دارد.

Salinity is a basic non-living environmental factor that reduces the yield worldwide. In arid and semiarid regions, the salinity of water and soil limits crop production. Therefore, it is crucially important to assess the salinity tolerance of medicinal herbs if they are to be cultivated in saline areas. Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of water salinity and some saline organic fertilizers on the lemongrass' (Cymbopogon citratus) physiological features and growth, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in the research greenhouse of Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center through a completely randomized design with four replications at seven salinity levels including non-saline water as a controlling factor, saline water at 4, 10, and 15 ds/m levels, and saline organic fertilizers at three levels including fish meal fertilizer with salinity rate of 5/2, liquid fish manure with salinity rate of 4/9, and poultry slaughterhouse fertilizer with salinity rate of 4/6 ds /m. Moreover, the physiological growth features, including the leaf area, the leaf's fresh and dry weight, the root's fresh and dry weight, the plant's height, the number of tillers, and total chlorophyll were investigated. Discussion and Conclusion: The study's results indicated that water salinity and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on all studied features. It was also found that treating Irrigation water with a salinity of 15 ds /m had the most negative effect on all studied features, with the root's dry weight affected the most. On the other hand, treating poultry slaughterhouse fertilizer with a salinity of 4/6 ds/m improved all physiological growth features compared to the control factor except the number of tillers per plant. The results also showed that lemongrass was sensitive to over 5 ds/m salinity but tolerated less than 5 ds/m salinity and that it was possible to use the relatively saline organic fertilizers studied as a food source in cultivating this plant.