ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت - ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ ﺑﺎ روش ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ

Comparison of Essential Oil from Ocimum Basilicum Obtained via Sequential Ultrasound-Microwave Extraction with Microwave Method

اﻧﺘﺨﺎب روش اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎزده ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ رو در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت-ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ ﯾﮑﯽ از روشﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از ﮔﯿﺎه رﯾﺤﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ روش در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﺎزده اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج، روش ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان روش ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ، ﺗﻮان ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت، ﺗﻮان ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ و زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺑﻪ-ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺑﺎزده اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎﺳﺦ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﺑﻪ روش ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ )RSM( ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي)CCD( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزده ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ 300 وات ﺗﻮان ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت، 600 وات ﺗﻮان ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ و 40 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ زﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﺎدل )2/3 % وزﻧﯽ/وزﻧﯽ( ﺑﻮد. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎزده روش اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﺒﻨﺎ 0/74درﺻﺪ وزﻧﯽ/وزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه از ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در روش ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺗﻌﺪاد آنﻫﺎ در روش ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺧﻮاص آﻧﺘﯽاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي FRAP DPPH ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ روش ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ در ﺣﻔﻆ ﺧﻮاص اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﮔﯿﺎه رﯾﺤﺎن ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ روﺑﺸﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻏﺪد ﺣﺎوي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه در اﺛﺮ ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﺒﻨﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، روش ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت-ﻣﺎﯾﮑﺮووﯾﻮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان روش ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ از ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ رﯾﺤﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﻮد.

Determining the best extraction method to obtain high yield of essential oils from medicinal plants has been identified as one of the challenges in scientific research. The sequential ultrasound-microwave method is a new extraction method that in this research has been applied to extraction of essential oil from basil. In order to investigate the effect of this approach on enhancing extraction yield, the microwave method was examined as a base method. To optimize the extraction conditions of the sequential method, ultrasonic power, microwave power, and extraction time were determined as independent variables and essential oil yield as response. Experiments were modeled by central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The highest yield (2.3% w/w) was obtained at 300 W of ultrasonic power, 600 W of microwave power, and 40 min of extraction time. While the base method yield was 0.74% w/w. The chemical composition analysis of the active compounds showed that the number of compounds in the sequential approach is higher than those in the microwave method. Furthermore, by comparing the antioxidant properties obtained by DPPH and FRAP methods, the sequential method was better in preserving the antioxidant properties of basil essential oil. Scanning electron microscopy images also showed more damage to the glands containing the active ingredients by the sequential process than the base method. Generally, the sequential ultrasound-microwave method can be introduced as an efficient method for the extraction of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum.