ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در اﯾﺮان: ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻮردي دو اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن و ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن

Investigating the Provincial Differences in Life Expectancy in Iran: A Case Study of Gilan and Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces

ر ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺬار ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻫﺎ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮيﻫﺎ در ﮐﺸﻮر، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دادهﻫﺎي اﺻﻼحﺷﺪة ﺛﺒﺘﯽ وزارت ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺖ، درﻣﺎن و آﻣﻮزش ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و روش ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ آرﯾﺎﮔﺎ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﯽ و ﻋﻠﻞ ﻣﺮگ در ﻓﺰوﻧﯽ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺑﺪو ﺗﻮﻟﺪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﯿﻼن در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮ ﻧﻮزادان ﺑﺎ رﻗﻢ ﺣﺪود 1/3 ﺳﺎل در ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را در ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺳﻄﺢ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺑﺪو ﺗﻮﻟﺪ دو اﺳﺘﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ-ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ در زﻧﺎن و ﺣﻮادث ﻏﯿﺮﻋﻤﺪي در ﻣﺮدان، ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﺑﺎ رﻗﻢﻫﺎي ﺣﺪود 3/0 ﺳﺎل و 1/8 ﺳﺎل، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻓﺰوﻧﯽ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﺑﺪو ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﮔﯿﻼن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن )ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﻮانﺗﺮ ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن( ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﯽرﻏﻢ ﻃﯽ ﺷﺪن ﮔﺬار ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮدر ﮐﻞ ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن وﺟﻮد دارد و ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﻣﺮ آنﻫﺎ را در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ از ﮔﺬار ﻣﺮگوﻣﯿﺮ، اﭘﯿﺪﻣﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻗﺮار داده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪﺗﺮ اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﺎفﻫﺎ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﻠﯽ اﻣﯿﺪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮد

In populations in their final stage of mortality transition, one of the most important questions is the level of the geographical inequality in the life expectancy index. To investigate these inequalities in Iran, the role of age groups and causes of death in increasing life expectancy at birth in the province of Gilan compared to Sistan and Baluchestan were analyzed using the modified data of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Arriaga decomposition method,. The results showed that infant mortality with a rate of about 1.3 years in both sexes had the greatest impact on the difference in life expectancy at birth in the two provinces. In addition, cardiovascular diseases in women and unintentional accidents in men with a rate of about 3 years and 1.8 years, respectively, are the most important cause of increased life expectancy at birth in Gilan compared to Sistan and Baluchestan (due to a younger pattern of mortality due to this disease in Sistan and Baluchestan). The results show that despite the transition of mortality throughout Iran, there are still significant inequalities in the mortality of the considered provinces in Iran and this has placed them in different stages of mortality, epidemiological and health transition. A fair distribution of development facilities at the geographical level can reduce these gaps and increase life expectancy in Iran as a whole.