تبيين معيارهاي كليدي فرآيند شكل‌گيري كيفيت فضايي يكپارچه در فضاهاي عمومي شهري (مطالعه موردي: منطقه پنج شهرداري تهران)

Explaining Qualitative Criteria in the Process of Integrated Formation in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: District Five of Tehran Municipality)

در دهه ­هاي اخير نگرش­ هاي متعددي در رابطه با شكل­ گيري «كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي شهري» مطرح شده است. اما آنچه قابل‌تشخيص است، عدم توجه به مفهوم كيفيت فضايي يكپارچه و رويكرد كل­نگر آن در حوزه شهرسازي است. براي دستيابي به هدف تحقيق، منطقه پنج شهرداري تهران به‌صورت مورد پژوهي موردبررسي قرارگرفته است. بر اساس مباني نظري در چارچوب مذكور، 5 معيار كليدي درزمينه شكل­ گيري كيفيت فضايي يكپارچه در فضاهاي عمومي شهري داراي اهميت مي ­باشند. تبيين 5 مؤلفه، به‌واسطه 10 معيار و 33 متغير با استناد به انجام معادلات ساختاري به همراه روايي و پايايي موردتوجه قرارگرفته است. بنابراين، امكان طرح مدلي 5 عاملي در اين زمينه فراهم‌شده كه درعين‌حال، گامي اساسي در مسير و تدوين مدلي ساختاري در سطحي فراتر است، الگوي موردتوجه ازنقطه‌نظر هماهنگي داده ­ها با ساختار عاملي آن از برازندگي قابل قبولي برخوردار است.

In recent decades, several approaches have been proposed regarding the formation of quality of urban public spaces,« and various researches have been conducted in this field. However, what can be discerned so far is the lack of attention to the concept of integrative spatial quality and its holistic approach in the field of urban planning as the basic elements of urban design.» This research explains the critical criteria of the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces. To achieve the purpose of the study, District 5 of Tehran Municipality, due to numerous public spaces in line with the research criteria of the article and the low age of construction, has been studied as a case study. Based on the theories, views, and researche identified in the framework of the mentioned purpose, five critical criteria are essential. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In reference to the contribution and role of this research, it can be emphasized that the foundation of integrative spatial quality in public spaces is only possible by simultaneous attention to allthe key Components: physical,« perceptual,» social,« environmental,» functional.Thirty-three variables have considered further study and explanation of these five criteria regarding structural equations and validity and reliability. Thus, it is possible to design a 5-factor model in the field of measuring the quality of integrative spatial in public spaces, which at the same time is a fundamental step in developing a structural model at a higher level, the adequacy of this measurement model, due to various indicators, indicates that the model in question has an acceptable fit from the view of data coordination, including 220 samples with its factor structure. The main goal, part of which, by pursuing the question, What criteria in the process of forming an integrative spatial quality in urban public spaces, what is their role and position?« is reflected in the present article. This research showed that the optimal quality of selected urban public spaces in this region was related to physical –aesthetic, and functional attributes. In addition, evaluation of this process, planning, and acting in order to enhance it should be considered accordingly based on this framework. Further specific studies on these factors and their effectiveness and relationships are issues that can be addressed in future research to clarify the theoretical findings. Every public space needs unique features; but based on the results, these suggestions are also presented to improve the quality of the urban area and its integration in the five districts of Tehran: The ability to access the communication structure of public spaces for the disabled and people with disabilities Executive diversification of public spaces in accordance with seasonal changes, forming a network of connected public spaces that have interactive quality indicators and also invite individuals to establish sustainable social interaction Meaningful spaces and granting new uses such as restaurants, coffee shops, and more for the proper use of public spaces in the direction of dynamism, vitality, and prosperity.