كليدواژه :
مفهوم بركت , هنر عيلامي , هنر سفالگري , دو رۀ اسلامي , نمادشناسي
چكيده فارسي :
مفهوم بركت و باروري يكي از اصليترين وجوه تفكر بشري است. بركت و باروري و فراواني با حيات انسان رابطۀ مستقيمي دارد؛ ازاينرو ميتوان بازنمود آن را بهصورت نوشتار و تصوير بر آثار هنري بررسي كرد. تحقيق حاضر در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه مفهوم بركت و باروري در هنر كهن ايراني بهويژه در تمدن عيلامي چگونه ظاهر شده و نمودهاي اين مفهوم در سفالينههاي دورۀ اسلامي چگونه است. هدف تحقيق، تبيين مفهوم فلسفي بركت در هنر ايراني و شناسايي نمادهاي رمزي آن بر سفالينههاي ايرانيـ اسلامي است. مقايسۀ شيوههاي بيان بركت در كهنترين هنرهاي ايراني با نمونههاي سمبليك آن در هنر سفالگري قرون مياني دورۀ اسلامي از اهداف پژوهش حاضر است. نوع پژوهش از نظر هدف بنيادي است. روش تحقيق توصيفيتحليلي است و روش گردآوري مطالب كتابخانهاي از طريق فيشبرداري و تصويرخواني است. روش تجزيه و تحليل دادهها كيفي است. بر اساس يافتههاي تحقيق در هنر عيلامي مفهوم بركت علاوه بر اينكه در متنها و كتيبههاي نوشتاري بر روي مهرها و ظروف ظاهر شده است، بهصورت نمادهاي تصويري حيواني مانند پرنده، ماهي، نمادهاي گياهي مانند درخت زندگي، و نمادهاي انتزاعي مانند خطوط زيگزاگ، دايره و مارپيچ، نماد ستارهاي و ايزدي به چشم ميخورد. در سفالگري قرون مياني اسلامي نيز علاوه بر اينكه كتيبههاي نوشتاري مفهوم بركت، يمن و سعادت را بهصورت دعا نشان ميدهند، همان نشانهاي تصويري نماد بركت در هنر عيلامي، مصور بر سفالينهها در كنار واژۀ بركت هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
Islamic art inherits the ancient tradition of illustration and motif, which was developed under the religious teachings of Islam. The desire for happiness and blessing in the form of written expressions and word repetition observed on the pottery surfaces of the Islamic period, is part of this legacy. The study of Elamite inscriptions as one of the oldest civilizations in the world, shows that the concept of blessing and abundance is one of the important themes of these writings, which is especially illustrated in scenes dedicated to Elamite works. In Elamite art and on Islamic pottery, inscription is associated with the concept of blessing and benevolence, which are placed next to pictorial symbols. In the pottery of the Islamic period, the text is decorated with an abstract plant symbol. The concept of blessing and fertility can be considered as one of the main aspects of human thought. Blessing and fertility is directly linked with human life. Thus, it can be represented as text and image on artwork. The present study seeks to discover how the concept of blessing and fertility appeared in ancient Iranian art, particularly in the Elamite civilization, and how this concept is represented in the pottery of the Islamic period. The purpose of the research is to explain the philosophical concept of blessing in Iranian art and to identify symbolic characters on Iranian-Islamic pottery. This research aimed at comparing the methods of expressing blessing in the oldest Iranian arts with symbolic examples in the pottery art of the Middle Ages of the Islamic period. The type of research is fundamental with respect to the purpose of the study. The research method was descriptive - analytical and data collecting is via library study by taking notes and image. The data analysis is qualitative. The findings indicated that concept of blessing emerged not only in written texts and inscriptions on seals and containers, but also in the form of animal visual symbols such as birds, fish, plant symbols such as the tree of life, and abstract symbols such as zigzag lines, circles and spirals, stars, and divine symbol. Written inscriptions revealed the concept of blessing, felicity and prosperity in the form of prayer decorated the Islamic pottery in Middle Ages. The same pictorial signs symbolizing blessing in Elamite art are also depicted on pottery next to the word blessing.