بازتعريف عدالت اجتماعي در هنر پست مدرن با رويكرد انتقادي مطالعات فرهنگي (مطالعات موردي چيدمان شيبولث و پرفرمنس تنش دروني)

Redefinition of social justice in postmodern art based on cultural studies critical approach (case of discrimination Shibboleth installation art and Domestic Tension performance art)

ازجمله مشخصه هاي معاصرترين شكل هنر در جوامع پست مدرن، هجمه و حضور موضوعات سياسي و اجتماعي است. اگر دوران پستمدرن را مفهومي تاريخي-جامعه‌شناختي بعد از مدرنيسم بدانيم، توجه به جايگاه قدرت و پراتيك مبارزه سياسي و اجتماعي از مؤلفه هاي آن خواهدبود. ارائه و درك اثر هنر پست مدرن كه از پيش جمعگرا و عمومي شدهاست، در پروژه هاي سياسي و اجتماعي جوامع، به مانند پديده هاي خودبيانگر و مداخله جويانه و داراي مانيفست اجتماعي است. ازسويي مطالعات فرهنگي كه برخواسته از دستاوردهاي نظريه انتقادي مكتب فرانكفورت است، نقشي مهم در بازخواني انتقادي تحولات دنياي معاصر دارد كه جنبه هاي فرادست و فرودست را با رابطه ديالكتيكي قرائت مي كند؛ بنابراين به نظرميرسد خوانش اين جنبه متضاد، توجه به پارادايم و صورت بندي پست مدرنيسم را مي طلبد كه با درآميختن با بافت اجتماعي پديده ها و تاختن به نظامهاي قدرت، واقعيت تجربه به حاشيه رانندشدگان را در ساخت اجتماعي به نمايش ميگذارد. پژوهش حاضر با جمع آوري منابع كتابخانه اي و روش تحقيق توصيفي-تحليلي و به صورت كيفي، هدف بازتعريف عدالت اجتماعي در دو نمونه چيدمان و پرفرمنس با رويكرد انتقادي مطالعات فرهنگي را دنبال مي كند. نتيجه آنكه طيفي از مداخلات و انتقاد در بطن هنر پست مدرن، آرمان جمعي عدالتخواهي را دنبال ميكند كه بازنگري در پارادوكس هاي اجتماعي مدرنيته بوده كه بر طرد هويت هاي جنسي و اقليتهاي قوميتي و... متمركز است و دوگانه فرادست و فرودست در خوانش مطالعات فرهنگي را به نمايش ميگذارد.

During different ages, art has always been a part of the human evolution and enhanced the social awareness over or in line with social changes. Emerged from modernism and in reaction to modernity in equality and differences at all sections, postmodernism provided a social basis for critical positions growth against the social domination, power manifestation in culture and modern life experience. One of the most contemporary forms of the art in postmodern societies is an approach with sociopolitical interventions. If the postmodern era was considered a historical-sociological concept in the historical age after modernism, the sociopolitical struggle practice is one of its main features. This form of art is pre-collective form and is of self-representing aspect like social manifests as main players of the social projects. On the one hand, cultural studies resulted from achievements of Frankfort School critical theory in postmodernity plays an important role in revising the political, cultural, social, scientific and art changes in contemporary world which read the upstream and downstream aspects with dialectic relations. Cultural studies focused on power structures and cultural texts such as meaningful culture artifacts using a concentrating method in line with postmodern populism and tendency toward the Frankfort school critical theory. Hence, postmodern art as a riot against modern art rules became the cultural text by change of position, subjectivity, how the work is implemented and change of audience place from passive to active one. Selecting social and political subjects, this art was interested in by cultural studies; in fact, methodological reading of cultural studies took into consideration the sociological aspects of the contemporary art which has been in deep link with cultural politics elements since 1990. Judgment on these aspects needs a model to determine their manifestations. Hence, justice theory formation by John Rawls focuses on freedom and social equality principles and addressing the justice theory at this age means a framework for explaining the cultural studies following which it is helpful in reading the social art works contents of this age. Accordingly, by library information collecting and selecting the images from internet and using descriptive-analytic methodology, aims to recognize the plurality idea in conceptualization of social justices based on art trends (not absolutely) in Shibboleth and domestic tension in postmodern era which is formed as a social action and changes the place of visitor to and experiences audience who receives the artwork in discriminatory place. The result implied that a spectrum of strategic interventions is proposed in postmodern art criticism and revision discourse. Collective aspiration seeks freedom and justice which in fact are revision of social paradoxes in modernity and mostly refer to the rejection of identities like ethnical minorities.Art subject is also a practical entity built in interaction with sociopolitical factors and conditions insisting on contemporary human's responsibility and subjectivity in social form. Therefore, defining the postmodern and justices in this age, cultural studies and postmodern art, this study explains the sociopolitical art sample in contemporary Shibboleth and domestic tension in discrimination related to the art activism.