تزيين و ساختار بصري حروف خط كوفي در كتيبه نقاشي مقبره ارسلان جاذب

Decoration and visual structure of Kufic script in the wall painting inscription of the tomb of Arsalan Jazeb

هنر خوشنويسي يكي از هنرهاي خاص و والاي دوران اسلامي ايران در تزيينات معماري به شمار مي‌رود. خط كوفي در سده‌هاي 5 و 6 هجري قمري دچار تغييرات بسيار شد و در راستاي خوانايي و زيبابخشي در تزيينات معماري حركت كرد. هنرمند با اتصال دو هنر خط و ترسيم و نقاشي الگوي جديدي از خط كوفي را به وجود آورد كه نمونه آن را در كتيبه نقاشي ارسلان جاذب در سنگ بست مي‌توان مشاهده كرد. در پژوهش حاضر به منظور شناخت بيشتر خط كوفي ايراني در سده‌هاي 5 و6 هجري قمري، دو اصل فرم و ساختار حروف و تزيينات وابسته به آن در كتيبه نقاشي مقبره ارسلان جاذب مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. براي رسيدن به دو اصل مطرح شده نگارنده به بررسي فرم و ساختار حروف كتيبه ارسلان جاذب از لحاظ‌ معيارهاي تناسب، تعادل و نوع خط پرداخته و در نگاه دوم فرم حروف و تزيينات وابسته به آن را بررسي كرده است. نتيجه حاصل از اين پژوهش، نشان‌دهنده رشد و دانش خط و خط نگاره در اين سده‌ها است كه باعث خلق خطي جديد در محدوده خراسان شده است. اين پژوهش به روش توصيفي ــ تحليلي انجام گرفته و اطلاعات به روش كتابخانه‌اي، اسنادي و به ويژه عكاسي ميداني جمع‌آوري شده است.

Calligraphy art is one of the top and special arts related to Islamic periods in Iran and is used in architecture decoration that has a great value among Muslim artists for its divine word credit. Kufic script after getting into Iran and Being accepted as main art by artists ,appeared in artistic fields and with artists` passion found its way in all arts as after passing two centuries from entering Islam into Iran ,it is one of the best decorative elements in building decorations and Islamic architecture . Kufic script could reach to the top of its glory and aesthetic in two periods of Ghaznavian and Salgoqian governorship. Iranian Kufic became popular with the combination of ancient Kufic as the best decorative element in buildings and artistic industries . Like all Islamic arts, it encompasses diverse arrays of forms created in a wide variety of contexts. During 5th and 6th (Hijri), Kufic script got lots of changes in legibility and aesthetic in architecture decoration . artists appeared a new model of Kufic script by combining ,Script, drawing and painting .as a model we can refer to Arsenal Jazzed painting inscription Which is related to Ghanaian governorship in 5th century and is placed in Khorasan. it is considered one of the most popular and brilliant Islamic arts in Iran. In the present study , Two principles, words structure and form has been noticed in order to identify Kufic script in centuries 5and 6 according to decoration and aesthetic inscription of Arsenal Jazzeb tomb . in order to reach these principles (structure and form ), in the first view , form and structure of words in painting inscription of Arsalan Jazeb tomb has been studied and In the second view the form of words and decorations related to the whole border of painting has been considered. Taking a look at this Islamic art model , we can notice that the walls of the tomb are adorned with inlayed and also you can see an inscription in Kufic script. this tomb has a short stone dome placed on an octagonal base ,which is with Kufic script too . it must have been one of the best building in its time according to architecture and aesthetic elements of it that has made it one of Islamic art models and is still popular . The result of this study shows a great growth and knowldege in calligraphy and script during those centuries which has made a new script in region of Khoarsan. this study has been done about form and structure of Kufic script in Khoarsan in a descriptive ,analytical way, and documents, especially field photography have been collected in order to provide a better and clearer vision into one of the most popular Islamic masterpieces in the hope of identifying and introducing Islamic art and specially calligraphy to all who are interested in this case in order to get a better view of Islamic arts seed in famous buildings like Arsalan Jazeb tomb .