پديد آورندگان :
داودي، سارا دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني، اهواز، ايران , زيودار، شهره دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني، اهواز، ايران , خالقي، اسمعيل دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز - دانشكده كشاورزي - گروه علوم باغباني، اهواز، ايران
كليدواژه :
اسيد آبسيزيك , پرولين , كربوهيدرات , ولك
چكيده فارسي :
براي بررسي اثر روغن ولك بر خصوصيات گلدهي و بيوشيميايي دو رقم زيتون، آزمايشي با كرت‌هاي خرد‌شده بر پايه طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در 4 تكرار و بر روي درختان 17 ساله زيتون در طي سال 98-1397 در باغ زيتون دانشكده كشاورزي دانشگاه شهيد چمران اهواز به انجام رسيد. ارقام زيتون (مانزانيلا و خضيري) و غلظت‌هاي روغن (صفر، 1، 3 و 5 درصد)، به‌عنوان فاكتورهاي اصلي و فرعي در نظر گرفته شدند. نتايج نشان داد، در رقم مانزانيلا پس از محلول‌پاشي روغن ولك در غلظت 3 و 5 درصد (به‌ترتيب 8/31 و 7/28 روز پس از تيمار) گلدهي اتفاق افتاد و در رقم خضيري در هيچ يك از غلظت‌هاي روغن ولك، گلدهي مشاهده نشد. كربوهيدارت جوانه پس از محلول‌پاشي درختان با روغن در هر سه غلظت افزايش معني‌داري پيدا كرد. رقم خضيري با غلظت 3 درصد روغن ولك بالاترين ميزان كربوهيدرات جوانه (68/78 ميلي‌گرم بر گرم) را داشت. بكارگيري روغن ولك بر هورمون اسيد آبسيزيك (ABA) در رقم مانزانيلا مؤثر واقع شد و تأثير آن در غلظت 3 و 5 درصد (به‌ترتيب 1/83 و 4/105 ميكروگرم بر گرم) مشاهده شد. ميزان پرولين هر دو رقم پس از كاربرد روغن ولك در هر سه غلظت و تا 60 روز بعد از اعمال تيمار افزايش يافت و ميزان كلروفيل a، كلروفيل b و كلروفيل كل پس از گذشت 30 روز از اعمال تيمار افزايش و سپس كاهش پيدا كرد. بنا‌بر نتايج از روغن ولك با غلظت 3 درصد مي‌توان براي گلدهي رقم مانزانيلا در شرايط آب و هوايي اهواز استفاده كرد.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree and one of the most important products of the horticultural section in Iran due to high nutritional value of its oil and fruits. Adaptation of olive cultivars to the climatic conditions of different regions are not the same. The results of studies showed that special cultivars are recommended for each region. In tropical and subtropical climates with mild winter such as Ahvaz, the chilling requirement of olive trees is not completed. This condition has led to poor and insufficient flowering in some olive cultivars. Mineral oils, including volck oil are one of the most beneficial treatments to complete chilling requirement and bud break in fruit trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of two olive cultivars (Manzanilla and khaziri) to the application of volck mineral oil and studying their flowering and biochemical characteristics in Ahvaz condition.
Materials and Methods
In this experiment, the effect of volck mineral oil spraying [control (water spray), 1, 3, 5 %] on two olive cultivars were investigated. The experimental design was split plot arranged in complete block design with four replications. Measured traits included flowering characteristics such as the number of inflorescences in the branch, flowers in inflorescence, complete flowers, flowering days after treatments, percentage of flower fall, fresh and dry weight of flower and inflorescence. Biochemical properties such as bud carbohydrates and ABA, leaf proline and chlorophyll were measured.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that foliar application of 3 and 5 % volck oil caused flowering (31.8 and 28.7 days after treatment, respectively) in Manzanilla cultivar. Bud carbohydrate content increased significantly after tree spraying with volck oil in all of three concentrations. The highest content of bud carbohydrates (78.68 mg/g) was obtained in khaziri when treated with 3% volck oil. The use of volck oil was effective in increasing the ABA concentration in Manzanilla cultivar and its effect was as 3 and 5% volck oil (83.1 and 105.4 µg/g, respectively). The amount of proline in both cultivars increased until 60 days after applying three concentrations of volck oil. The levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased until 30 days after treatment and then were decreased. Volck oil (3%) can be used for flowering of Manzanilla cultivar in climatic conditions of Ahvaz. Based on the obtained results, it seems that the effect of volck oil on flowering and biochemical traits depends on the type and concentration of mineral oil and type of the cultivar. In the present study, flowering occurred when Manzanilla cultivar treated with mineral volck oil (3 and 5%) and the flowering traits were improved at 3% oil more than other treatments.
Conclusion
According to the obtained results, olive cultivars show different reactions to the use of Volck oil, and Volck oil with a concentration of 3% can be used for the flowering of Manzanilla cultivar in the weather conditions of Ahvaz.
