كليدواژه :
ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﺘﻮن , ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺞ , ﻧﺮد , ﻧﻘﺪ و ﺷﺮح
چكيده فارسي :
ﻣﺘﻮن ادب ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ، از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ دﻗﯿﻖ و داﻧﺸﻮراﻧﻪ در آنﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ زواﯾﺎي ﻧﺎﺧﻮاﻧﺪهاي از ﻣﺘﻦ و ﺑﻄﻦ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﮥ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ را در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. در رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﺪﻓﯽ، ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰي ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺳﺨﺘﻪﺗﺮي از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن در دﺳﺖ داﺷﺖ؛ ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﮔﺬر زﻣﺎن، ﺑﻪ دﻻﯾﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺴﺎ ﮔﺮد ﻓﺮاﻣﻮﺷﯽ، ﻏﻔﻠﺖ، ﺣﺬف، ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ و ﺣﺘّﯽ دﮔﺮدﯾﺴﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ و ﺳﺎﺧﺖ آنﻫﺎ اﻓﺸﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن، ﺧﻮاﻧﺶﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن و ﺣﺘّﯽ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﺘﻀﺎد از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ وﺟﻮه اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﮐﺮده، ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻮاردي ﻧﻪ اﻧﺪك، ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ را ﻣﺘﺤﯿﺮ و ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺮدرﮔﻢ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺿﺮورﺗﯽ، در اﯾﻦ ﺟﺴﺘﺎر، ﻣﺘﻮن ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﭼﻨﺪي را ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و ﻧﮑﺎت ﺧﺎص ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮد و ﺷﻄﺮﻧﺞ، ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮة اﺳﺘﻘﺮاﺋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﮐﺮدﯾﻢ. در ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﺎزﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺪه، ﺿﻤﻦ ﭘﺎسداﺷﺖ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺗﻼشﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎﻧﮥ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز اﺧﺘﻼف ﺳﻠﯿﻘﻪ، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖﻫﺎي ذوﻗﯽ، ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻒﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻌﻤﻮل، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي و... رﺳﯿﺪﯾﻢ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮارد را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاك ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﯿﻢ. ﻧﮑﺘﮥ ﻣﻬﻢ و در ﻋﯿﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺄﺳﻒﺑﺎر اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻏﻠﺐ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﺧﻮاﻧﯽﻫﺎ، ﮐﺞﺧﻮاﻧﯽﻫﺎ و ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪي ﺧﻮاﻧﯽﻫﺎي اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺷﺎرﺣﺎن ﺑﻌﺪي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﯿﻨﺎً ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن، ﺧﻮاﻧﺶ ﻣﺘﻮن را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن، ﺣﺘّﯽ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻓﺮﻫﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. اﻣﯿﺪوارﯾﻢ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ، ﮔﺎﻣﯽ در راه اﺻﻼح ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎي راه ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻣﺘﻮن ﺑﺮدارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Persian classical literature texts are among the prominent manifestations of Iran cultural heritage, in which careful and scholarly reflection can expose to the audience unread angles of the text and Iranian thought. To achieve such a goal, one must have a more rigorous form of these texts more than anything else; because the passing of time may have caused forgetfulness, neglect, deletion, displacement and even metamorphosis on their texture and construction for various reasons. As a result, it has offered different and even sometimes readings contradictory to some aspects of these texts, which in few cases, has puzzled and sometimes confused the audience. So, due to this necessity, we read some leading texts emphasizing different versions and special points related to backgammon and chess. We used a descriptive-analytical method and reread the texts in an inductive manner critically. In reread evidence, while defending all the wise efforts made, we got different obvious manifestations, taste perceptions, unusual distortions, my suggestions, etc., and shared these with the audience. The important and at the same time sad point is that most of these misreading's and early my readings have been transferred to later commentators' writings, which has made it difficult for audiences, even educated ones, to read the texts. We hope this study, with some suggestions, take a step towards correcting some errors found in the texts.
