ﻣﺘﻦﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ دﯾﻮان ﺑﺼﯿﺮي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﮥ ﻗﺮن دﻫﻢ و ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﯽ دﯾﻮان ﺑﺼﯿﺮي

Textology of Khorasan's Basiri Poesy (Introduction of the Unknown Poet of the 10th Century and Manuscripts of Basiri Poesy)

ﺑﺼﯿﺮي ﺧﺮاﺳﺎﻧﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﻋﺮان و ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻗﺮن دﻫﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي اﺳﺖ. وي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ دوران ﺷﺎﻋﺮي ﺧﻮد را در ﻗﻠﻤﺮو ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮده و در ﻫﻤﺎن ﺟﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ از دﻧﯿﺎ رﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. آﻧﭽﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﺮح اﺣﻮال ﺷﺎﻋﺮ وﺟﻮد دارد، ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﻧﺪﮐﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺼﯿﺮي، ﺑﻪ دو زﺑﺎن ﺗﺮﮐﯽ و ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺷﻌﺮ ﻣﯽﺳﺮوده و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. دﯾﻮان ﺗﺮﮐﯽ وي در ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﯿﺪه، اﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﮥ ﺧﻄﯽ دﯾﻮان ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ او، ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ و ﭼﺎپ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ دﯾﻮان داراي 1440 ﺑﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از دو ﻧﺴﺨﮥ ﺧﻄﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي »ﻋﺎﺷﺮ اﻓﻨﺪي« و »داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺒﻮل« ﺗﺮﮐﯿﻪ - ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻧﮕﺎرش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ - ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﻋﺮ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺷﻌﺎر ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﻗﺼﯿﺪه، ﻏﺰل، ﺗﺮﺟﯿﻊ-ﺑﻨﺪ، ﻗﻄﻌﻪ و رﺑﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺮوده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺼﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺷﺎﻋﺮان ﻗﺮن ﻧﻬﻢ ﻫﺠﺮي و ﻣﮑﺘﺐ وﻗﻮع ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺷﻌﺮش روان و ﻋﺎري از ﻧﮑﺘﻪﺳﻨﺠﯽﻫﺎ و ﺧﯿﺎلﭘﺮدازيﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ وي ﺑﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻌﺮي ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﺪح و وﺻﻒ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎر او دارد. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اوزان و ﻗﻮاﻓﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺎت و اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن در دﯾﻮان او ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺗﺼﺤﯿﺢ دﯾﻮان ﺑﺼﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮۀ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ و ﺳﺒﮏ ﺷﻌﺮي اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺟﺴﺖوﺟﻮي ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪدﺳﺖآﻣﺪه را درﺑﺎرۀ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﻌﺮي او ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ.

Basiri Khorasani was one of the poets and writers of the tenth century AH. He spent most of his poetic career in the Osmani's region and died there. What is available about the poet's biography is limited to a small amount of information which it is obtained from several sources. Basiri wrote poetry in both Turkish and Persian and was also fluent in Arabic. His Turkish Divan has been published in Turkey, but the manuscript of his Persian Divan has not been corrected or published until yet. This divan has 1440 verses, which have been obtained from two manuscripts belonging to the libraries of "Asher Effendi" and "Istanbul University" in Turkey, which were written in the author's own handwriting. The poet has composed most of his poetry in the forms of ode, lyric poem, refrain, verse and quatrain, respectively. Basiri has a tendency towards the style of the poets from the ninth century and the school of occurrence, and his poetry is fluent from the punctuation and fantasies of his contemporaries. He also pays attention to various poetic themes, praises and describes that nature has a good place in his poems. The use of different meters, rhymes and references to words and terms which is related to various sciences these concepts clearlt are evident in his books of poem. This article has been written following the correction of Basiri poesy in a critical way with the subject of introduction, analysis of themes and poetic style of this poet has done completely.