چالش ميان شريعت و قانون، تحليلي بر ماهيت ساختار نظام جمهوري اسلامي

The Challenge between Sharia and Law is an Analysis of the Nature of the Structure of the Islamic Republic

از عصر مشروطه، لزوم شكل گيري يك نظام سياسي مبتني بر قانون، همواره دغدغه بوده است. با استقرار جمهوري اسلامي انديشه قانون شرع تحقق يافت اما دشواره هاي موجود در اين زمينه كه ناشي از دوگانگي هاي مكنون در ارتباط اين دو عنصر بود، آشكار شد. زيرا پذيرش جمهوريت و اعتبار راي اكثريت با تاسيس نهاد قانونگذاري و مجلس شورا توسط مردم و تدوين قواعد موضوعه همراه بود. لذا در اين پژوهش با بررسي نسبت ميان شريعت و قانون در نظريه هاي انديشمندان به عنوان مباني نظري تحقيق، ماهيت نظام جمهوري اسلامي در مواجهه با دوگانه قانون و شريعت با استناد به آثار امام خميني(ره) و قانون اساسي مورد واكاوي قرار گرفت. اهميت اين موضوع از آن جهت است كه بسياري از چالش هايي كه امروز با آن مواجهيم ريشه در مبهم بودن، دوگانگي و ناسازگاري بخشي از مباني نظري و فكريست كه اساس يك نظام بر آنها استوار گرديده و تا وقتيكه انسجام لازم را پيدا نكند، اركان و بازوان اجرايي نيز به درستي عمل نخواهند نمود. هدف پژوهش، تحليل ماهيت نظام، بازنمايي و تبيين رويكرد اجتهادي و فقهي به مفاهيم نو(قانون) و پرسش هاي دولت مدرن است. در اين راستا، سوال اصلي اين است كه ماهيت نظام جمهوري اسلامي در مواجه با دوگانه شريعت و قانون چيست؟ فرضيه ما در پاسخ به اين سوال آنست كه جمهوري اسلامي، نظامي مبتني بر حاكميت شرع و بر محوريت ولايت مطلقه فقيه است. روش پژوهش تفسيري از نوع كيفي و گردآوري اطلاعات به روش كتابخانه اي است.

Since the constitutional era, the need to for1m a political system based on the rule of law has always been a concern. With the establishment of the Islamic Republic, the idea of Sharia law was realized, but the existing difficulties in this field, which were due to the hidden dichotomies between these two elements, became apparent. Because the acceptance of the republic and the validity of the majority vote was accompanied by the establishment of the legislative body and the council by the people and the formulation of the rules of the matter. Therefore, in this study, by examining the relationship between Sharia and law in the theories of thinkers as theoretical foundations of research, the nature of the Islamic Republic in the face of the duality of law and Sharia with reference to the works of Imam Khomeini and the Constitution was analyzed. This is important because many of the challenges we face today are rooted in ambiguity, duality, and incompatibility as part of the theoretical and intellectual foundations on which a system is based, and until it finds the necessary coherence, the pillars. an‎d the executive arms will not function properly. The purpose of this research is to analyze the nature of the system, to represent and explain the ijtihad and jurisprudential approach to the new concepts (law) and the questions of the modern government. I n this regard, the main question is what is the nature of the Islamic Republic in dealing with the duality of Sharia and law? Our hypothesis in answer to this question is that the Islamic Republic is a system based on the rule of Sharia and centered on the absolute authority of the jurisprudent. The results of research in analyzing the nature of the structure of the Islamic Republic showed that this structure theoretically has intrinsic and special characteristics that are rooted in religious law and political jurisprudence. The research method is qualitative interpretation and data collection by library method