بررسي نقش گردشگري در بهبود شاخص هاي سرمايه اجتماعي سكونتگاه هاي روستايي(روستاهاي هدف گردشگري شهرستان پاوه)

Investigating the role of tourism in improving social capital indicators of rural settlements (villages of tourism destination of Paveh County)

ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺷﮑﺎل ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ داراي ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎﯾﺪ آن را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺑﺰار ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻣﻬﻤﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب آورد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎرز اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﮕﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻪ روﺳﺘﺎي ﻫﺪف ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺎوه)روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺣﺠﯿﺞ، ﺧﺎﻧﻘﺎه و ﺷﻤﺸﯿﺮ(اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 0/05 ﻗﺮار دارد. ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ)3/56( ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ اﻧﺠﻤﻦ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 2/55، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﮐﻤﯽ از ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. آزﻣﻮن آﻧﻮوا ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي ﺗﻔﺎوت وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ روﺳﺘﺎي ﺷﻤﺸﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 3/60 اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ورود ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 3/89 اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮان اﺳﺖ. آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﻣﺮدم ﺑﻪ ورود ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ روﺳﺘﺎ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﭘﯿﺪا ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Rural tourism is one of the most important forms of tourism, especially in developing countries and It should be considered as a potentially important tool for economic and social development. Therefore, tourism can be effective in developing some indicators. Social capital indicators are a clear sample of this subject. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of tourism in improving the social capital indicators of rural settlements. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using a questionnaire tool. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field studies using a questionnaire tool. The sample size of 384 people was calculated and questionable at the level of three villages of tourism destination of Paveh County (villages of Hajij, Khanqah and Shamshir). The results showed that tourism has contributed to the improvement of social capital and Indicators are at a significant level below 0.05. The average of total indicators (3.68) indicates the extent of this effect. The only indicator of formation of associations and support institutions with an average of 2.55, has taken a very small role in tourism. Anova's test showed that there is a difference between villages in terms of social capital indicators according to the role of tourism. The largest difference is in the village of Swords with an average of 3.60. The average index of people's tend to enter the tourist is equal to 3.89, which reflects the positive attitude of the people towards tourists.