مدل توانمندسازي زنان در توسعه محلات شهري (مطالعه موردي: محله طرشت كلان شهر تهران)

Model of women’s empowerment for Development of Urban Neighborhoods (Case Study: Tarasht Neighborhood, Tehran Metropolis)

اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش روز اﻓﺰون ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ؛ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻇﻬﻮر ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﯿﺶ از ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺳﻮق ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ؛ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧُﺮدﺗﺮﯾﻦ واﺣﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﻣﺤﻠﻪ اي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﻼت ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ در ﻃﺮح ﻫﺎي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، داراي ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﻠﯿﺪي و ﻣﻮﺛﺮي در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اراﺋﻪ ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﻧﻮ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد روﯾﮑﺮد آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ )ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ( و روش اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ-ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در اﺑﺘﺪا در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺎز اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن اﻣﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اﺑﻌﺎد، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار MAXQDA12ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار Smart PLS ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي زﻧﺎن و ﺣﻀﻮر در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺴﺮﯾﻊ در اﻣﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ و ﻧﻬﺎدي، ﺣﻖ زﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ، آﻣﻮزش و آﮔﺎﻫﯽ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎورﻫﺎ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ زﻧﺎن در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻃﺮﺷﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

Nowadays , numerous challenges have emerged cause of increasing expansion of urbanization. Accordingly, global focus has shifted towards the comprehensive development of cities, and also improvement of countries. One of the most important urban development’s approaches is to focus on the smallest unit, in fact the neighborhoods within the framework of neighborhood planning , with an emphasis on enhancing the quality of life and providing an appropriate context for the formation of community spaces in order to be aware of the requirements and coordinate the projects are presented with the necessity of the local community. Women, as the most influential social groups, play a key role in development of countries. Therefore, the present study seeks to explore the role of women in the local community for the development of the neighborhood. This research is a developmental research with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative). Initially, in the form of an open questionnaire, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of the research and were analyzed by Maxqda12 software. Next, the newborn model was entered into Smart pls software for analysis. It was a little bit. The results show that women in the local community play a moderating role in development, which in turn accelerates neighborhood development. Also, factors of political and institutional structures, women's right to the city, education and awareness and finally cultural beliefs and attitudes are the most important factors affecting the role of women in the development of Tarasht neighborhood.