تأثير سنت و مدرنيته بر بناهاي عمومي دوره پهلوي اول شهر تبريز

The influence of tradition and modernity on the public buildings of the first Pahlavi period in Tabriz City

ﺑﺎ ورود ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺪرن ﺑﻪ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮع اﺑﻨﯿﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدﮔﺮا و ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ روي ﮐﺎر آﻣﺪن ﭘﻬﻠﻮي، رﺿﺎﺷﺎه ﮐﻪ ﺳﻌﯽ در زدودن ﺧﺎﻃﺮه ﻗﺎﺟﺎر و اﯾﺠﺎد ذﻫﻨﯿﺖ و ﻫﻮﯾﺖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻮد، ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﺪرن ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد. در دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮي اول، آﻣﯿﺨﺘﮕﯽ ﺳﺒﮑﯽ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﯾﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ، ﺧﻮد ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﺎ ﺳﺒﮏ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ دوره ﭘﻬﻠﻮي اول )1318-1300( ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ از ﺳﻨﺖ و ﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺘﻪ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﻮد. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري 102 ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 50 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺧﺎﻧﻪ ي ﭼﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﯾﺎن از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻼن ، ﺗﺰﯾﯿﻨﺎت داﺧﻠﯽ ، ﻓﺮم ، ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻧﻤﺎ ، ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ 0/737 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﺪرن ﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻋﻤﺎرت ﺷﻬﺮداري ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺎ درﺟﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ 0/0916، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در اﮐﺜﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﻣﺪرن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻔﺮد ﻣﻌﻤﺎري آن دوره ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

With the arrival of modern architecture in Iran, public buildings were influenced by this trend more than any other type of building and took on a functional and simple form. With the coming to power of Pahlavi, Reza Shah, who was trying to erase the memory of Qajar and create a new mentality and identity, also faced the city of Tabriz with many modern constructions and instruments. In the first Pahlavi period, the fusion of style resulting from influence or combination, itself led to a kind of architecture with a prominent style. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the impact of public buildings of the first Pahlavi period (1940-1922) of Tabriz on tradition and modernity, based on the opinion of architectural experts. The research method is descriptive-analytical with survey method. The statistical population was 102 architects who had a sample size of 50 people. TOPSIS technique with SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that the leather factory is more modern than other buildings according to the respondents' opinion based on each of the components of plan, interior decoration, form, geometry, materials with a degree of proximity of 0.737. The building of Tabriz Municipality, with a degree of closeness of 0.0916, is more traditional than other buildings. It is concluded that in most these buildings, a combination of traditional and modern elements has been used, which according to the results of similar research, indicates the unique nature of the architecture of that period.