بررسي نقش توسعه بازار سهام بر ارتقاي مفاهيم حسابداري

The Role of Stock Market Development on Promoting Concepts of Accounting

ﻫﺪف: ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي؛ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ، ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﮐﺎري ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري، ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، درﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ( در ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻮرس اوراق ﺑﻬﺎدار ﺗﻬﺮان اﺳﺖ. روش: ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﻨﺞ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ و دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ 140 ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﻮرس اوراق ﺑﻬﺎدار ﺑﺮاي دوره زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1384 ﺗﺎ 1397 )ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از دو دوره ﺑﺎزار ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1390-1384 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دوره اول و 1397-1391 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دوره دوم( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روش دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد اﺛﺮات ﺛﺎﺑﺖ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و آزﻣﻮن ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در دوره دوم ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره اول، ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﻈﺎرت و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰمﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎرﺗﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﯽ، رﺷﺪ اﻟﺰاﻣﺎت اﻓﺸﺎ در ﺑﻮرس و ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﮑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﮔﺰارﺷﮕﺮي ﻣﺎﻟﯽ، از ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ، درﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم در دوره دوم ﺑﺎزار ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره اول ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ، اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻮﯾﺪ آن اﺳﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﻪﮐﺎري ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم در دوره دوم ﺑﺎزار ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره اول ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در دوره دوم ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺳﺒﺐ ارﺗﻘﺎ در ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داﻧﺶاﻓﺰاﯾﯽ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺪان ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﮐﺸﻮر و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰمﻫﺎي اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ در دوره دوم ﺑﺎزار ﺳﻬﺎم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دوره اول ﺑﺎزار، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪي از اﺛﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎزار ﺑﺮ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺪاري اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of stock market development in promoting accounting concepts (including indicators; tax avoidance, accounting conservatism, political costs, financial helplessness and agency costs) in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Method: For this purpose, five hypotheses to study this issue were compiled and data related to 140 member companies of the stock exchange for the period between 2006 and 2019 (consisting of two periods of the capital market including the years 2006-2012 as a period The first and 2013-2019 as the second period) were studied and analyzed. The research regression model was investigated and tested using panel data method with fixed effects approach. Results: The results showed that in the second period of the stock market compared to the first period, due to increased supervision and the level of transparency, the establishment of regulatory mechanisms such as the audit committee, the growth of disclosure requirements in the stock market and move towards more international financial reporting standards. Among the accounting indicators, only the indicators of corporate political cost, financial helplessness and agency costs are affected by the development of the stock market in the second period of the capital market compared to the first period and are affected by the decreasing effect of stock market development. On the other hand, the results confirm that the indicators of corporate tax avoidance and accounting conservatism were not affected by the development of the stock market in the second period of the capital market compared to the first period. Conclusion: The results showed that the development of the stock market could have a significant effect on accounting indicators and the changes made in the second period of the capital market have been somewhat effective and have led to improvements in accounting concepts. Contribution: Due to the lack of comprehensive research on the impact of changes in the country's stock market and the mechanisms of transparency in the second period of the stock market compared to the first period of the market, this study seeks to provide evidence of the development effect of the market. It is based on the concepts of accounting and to some extent seeks to examine the effectiveness of the changes made.