آثار ناكارايي سرمايه‌گذاري در نيروي كار بر فعاليت‌هاي اجتناب مالياتي شركت‌ها

The Effects of Labor Investment Inefficiency on Corporate Tax Avoidance Activities

ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت در اداره ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮري، اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖاﻧﺪرﮐﺎران اﻣﻮر ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر ﻧﺎﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش: روش اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﻤّﯽ و ﭘﺲروﯾﺪادي اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ روش دادهﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ و از دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ 124 ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪه در ﺑﻮرس اوراق ﺑﻬﺎدار ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 1398-1388 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺎﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر داراي آﺛﺎر ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ، ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺶ)ﮐﻢ(ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر و اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ)ﻣﻨﻔﯽ( وﺟﻮد دارد. اﻓﺰونﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖﻫﺎ داراي ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، در ﺷﺪت اﯾﻦ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺑﻬﺎم، ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﺿﻌﯿﻒﺗﺮ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎنﻫﺎيﻧﻘﺪي ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻧﺎﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ-ﮔﺬاري در ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ را ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و دﺳﺖاﻧﺪرﮐﺎران ﺣﻮزه ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺗﻮﺟﻪ وﯾﮋهاي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. داﻧﺶاﻓﺰاﯾﯽ: ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اراﺋﻪ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ در ﺧﺼﻮص آﺛﺎر ﻧﺎﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در ﻧﯿﺮوي ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ را ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان داﻧﺶاﻓﺰاﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮد.

Considering the role of taxation in the administration of each country, this study was conducted to study the effects of labor investment inefficiency on corporate tax avoidance activities. Method: The research methodology is a quantitative and ex-post. For doing statistical analysis, the linear regression analysis was used by using the panel data method. Data related to 124 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2020. Results: The research results showed that inefficiency of investment in labor has positive effects on tax avoidance and can play an important role in corporate tax decisions. Also, there is a positive (negative) relationship between overinvesting (underinvesting) in labor and tax avoidance. In addition, the evidence showed that when companies have limitation in funding, there is no difference in the intensity of this positive relationship. Conclusion: Increase in ambiguity, weaker control environment and reduction in expected cash flows due to inefficiency of investment in the workforce provide opportunities and context for the company's management to increase tax avoidance, thus, those involved in the field of taxation should pay special attention to this issue. Contribution: Rendering evidence about the effects of labor inefficiency investment on tax avoidance considering the role of constraints in financing can be introduced as knowledge Enrichment in this study.