شناسايي ابعاد و مولفه هاي جذب ، نگهداشت و توانمند سازي در نظام تربيت معلم كشور با تاكيد بر سند تحول بنيادين آموزش و پرورش

Identifying the dimensions and components of recruitment, retention and empowerment in the teacher education system of the country with emphasis on the document of fundamental transformation of education

ﮐﺮاﻣﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن و ﻧﻘﺶ آﻣﻮزشوﭘﺮورش در ارﺗﻘﺎء و ﭘﯿﺸـﺮﻓﺖ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﺸـﺮي، اﺳـﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺟﺬب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷــﺖ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳــﺎزي در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ را ﺿــﺮوري ﮐﺮده اﺳــﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺟﺬب، ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳـﺎزي و ﺷـﻨﺎﺳـﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـﺮ و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي آن در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﮐﺸـﻮر اﺳـﺖ. روﯾﮑﺮد ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و روش ﻣﻮرداﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي ﺑﻮد. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان، ﮐﺎرﺷــﻨﺎﺳــﺎن و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﺣﻮزه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮع ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺠﺎرب ارزﺷــﻤﻨﺪي داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻮد. اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺸـﺎرﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روﯾﮑﺮد ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ و ﺑﺎ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﺷــﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي دادهﻫﺎ و اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺼــﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﻮن ﺣﺎوي ﻧﻈﺮات آنﻫﺎ در وﺑﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و رﺳـﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎدهﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ. ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳـﺘﺨﺮاج ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اﺑﻌﺎد و ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺬب، ﻧﮕﻬﺪاﺷـﺖ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳـﺎزي داﻧﺸـﺠﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن از ﻣﺼـﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺘﻮن ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﺷـﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن، ﻣﻀـﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه و ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻋﺘﺒﺎرﯾﺎﺑﯽ دادهﻫﺎ از روشﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮل و ﻗﺎﺑﻞاﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻮدن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ 122 ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 18 ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﺣﻮل ﻣﻀـﻤﻮن ﻓﺮاﮔﯿﺮ اﺑﻌﺎد ﺟﺬب، ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و درﻫﻢﺗﻨﯿﺪه و ﭘﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ داﻧﺸــﺠﻮﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﺪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺷــﺎﯾﺴــﺘﮕﯽﻫﺎي ﺣﺮﻓﻪاي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﻃﺮاز ﺟﻤﻬﻮري اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﮕﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﯾﺴﺘﮕﯽﻫﺎ را در ﮐﻨﺎر ﻫﻢ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و آنﻫﺎ را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ دﻫﺪ و ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷــﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ و داﻧﺸــﮕﺎه ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯿﺎن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷــﺮاﯾﻂ و زﻣﯿﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﺳــﺎزﻣﺎندﻫﯽ ﺷــﺪه را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺳــﺎزد. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺷــﺎرهﺷــﺪه و ﭘﯿﺸــﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آﺗﯽ ﻣﻄﺮحﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

The dignity of teachers and the role of education in the promotion and development of human societies has necessitated the establishment of a comprehensive model of recruitment, retention and empowerment in the teacher education system. The purpose of this article is to design a model for attracting, retaining and empowering and identifying its elements and components in the teacher education system of the country. The approach in this study was a qualitative and the method used was a case study. The statistical population included managers, experts and experts in the field of teacher training who had valuable experiences in the field of research. The selection of participants has been done using a purposeful approach and snowball sampling method and using the theoretical data saturation criterion and using semi-structured interviews and studying texts containing their opinions on websites and media. In order to extract the framework of dimensions and components of student recruitment, retention and empowerment of teachers, semi-structured interviews and review of related sources and texts were used. Also, using thematic analysis method, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were obtained. Acceptable and reliable methods were used to validate the data.