تأثير انتخاب فنوتيپي موفق عليه سندرم آسيت بر صفات مختلف در يك لاين تجاري مرغ گوشتي

The effect of successful phenotypic selection against ascites syndrome on different traits in a commercial broiler line

ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﻨﺪرم آﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪ ﺑﺪن، اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ و ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﺧﻮﻧﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﺮغ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺑﺮوز آﺳﯿﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ )ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ آزﻣﻮن(، ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺣﺴﺎس و 10 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﺳﯿﺖ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻧﺘﺎج دﯾﮕﺮي از ﻫﻤﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎ )ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ( ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﭘﺮورش داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ روﯾﻪ در دو ﻧﺴﻞ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ آزﻣﻮن و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ از آﻣﺎره ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺷﯿﻮع ﺳﻨﺪرم آﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس و ﻣﻘﺎوم از آزﻣﻮن ﮐﺎي-اﺳﮑﻮﺋﺮ و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﺑﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس و ﻣﻘﺎوم از روﯾﻪ GLM ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SAS )ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 9/1( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ وﻗﻮع آﺳﯿﺖ در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ آﺳﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدﺗﺮي ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻧﯿﺰ آﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس و ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﺎس وزن ﺑﺪن و ﻧﺮخ رﺷﺪ و ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦﺗﺮ و درﺻﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﺗﻮﮐﺮﯾﺖ و ﻓﺸﺎر ﺟﺰﺋﯽ دياﮐﺴﯿﺪﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺧﻮن ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻮد )P<0/05(. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ دﻻﯾﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺪرم آﺳﯿﺖ در ﺟﻮﺟﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ، ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺪرم ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺖ رﺷﺪ در ﻻﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮد ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺻﻔﺎت رﺷﺪ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻨﺪرم در ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﯽآورد.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of selection against ascites syndrome on different traits body growth, internal organs, and blood parameters in a broiler line. Therefore, by classifying different families based on the frequency of ascites under intense ascites inducing condition (AIC), 10 susceptible families (SUS) and 10 resistant families (RES) to ascites were selected and another set of offspring from the same families were bred under normal commercial condition (NCC). This process of selection and cross validation was carried out twice in the two distinct generations. The genetic relationship of different traits, the difference in the frequency of ascites between AIC and NCC, and the difference between different traits in SUS and RES were performed by correlation statistics, Chi-square test, and GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.1), respectively. The correlation between ascites susceptibility in different families indicated that families that showed more ascites under AIC also had more ascites under NCC. Comparative study of different traits in susceptible and resistant groups showed that in SUS, body weight, growth rate and respiratory capacity were significantly lower and blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide was significantly higher than RES (P<0.05). In the present study it was shown that selection against this syndrome not only does not reduce growth rate in the investigated broiler line, but also improves growth traits and resistance to this syndrome in the mentioned line.