پديد آورندگان :
حسيني، تيمور دانشگاه علوم انتظامي امين، تهران، ايران , داودي دهاقاني، ابراهيم دانشگاه علوم انتظامي امين - گروه مديريت راهبردي و آينده‌پژوهي، تهران، ايران , چولكي، غلام رضا دانشگاه علوم انتظامي امين، تهران، ايران , معصومي، مصطفي دانشگاه علوم انتظامي امين، تهران، ايران
كليدواژه :
ﭘﯿﺸــﮕﯿﺮي از ﺗﺼــﺎدف ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ , ﺗﺼــﺎدف ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ , ﭘﯿﺎﻣــﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺼــﺎدف ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ , ﺑﺴــﺘﺮﻫﺎ و زﻣﯿﻨــﻪ ﻫــﺎي ﺗﺼﺎدف ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻀﻞ ﺑﺰرﮔﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﮑﺎب آن و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ آن، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اراﺋﻪ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ. درواﻗﻊ ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ »ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ« ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ازﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ازﻧﻈﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد، ﮐﯿﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﺟﻬـﺖ دار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 20 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع داده ﻫﺎ اداﻣﻪ داﺷﺖ. اﺑﺰار ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد.
ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدف ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿـﺐ در 4 زﯾـﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ و 23 ﮐﺪﺑﺎز ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 9 ﮐﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، 5 ﮐﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، 5 ﮐﺪ ﺑﯿﻦﺑﺨﺸﯽ و 4 ﮐﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ. ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرداﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺠﺮﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ و 48 ﮐﺪﺑﺎز ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 6 ﮐﺪﺑﺎز زﻣﺎﻧﯽ،6 ﮐﺪ ﻣﮑﺎن ﺗﺼﺎدف،12 ﮐﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت ﻓﺮدي،8 ﮐﺪ ﻧﻮع ﺗﺼﺎدف و ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد، 15 ﮐﺪ ﻧﻮع ﺻﺪﻣﺎت وارده. ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ و 21 ﮐﺪﺑﺎز ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 5 ﮐﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي،8 ﮐﺪ اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ، 6 ﮐـﺪ ﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ و 3 ﮐـﺪ ﺑـﯿﻦ ﺑﺨﺸـﯽ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي در ﭼﻬﺎر زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ و 43 ﮐﺪﺑﺎز ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 4 ﮐﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، 7 ﮐﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ،11 ﮐﺪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ و 21 ﮐﺪ ﺑﯿﻦﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﺧﯿﻞ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺟـﺮم در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺟﺮم ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دﺳﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﯾﻔﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ و آن ﻫﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﺗﻤﺎم ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﯽاﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه رﻫﻨﻤﻮن ﺳﺎزد.
چكيده لاتين :
In the last few years, the crime of fake accidents has become a major problem in the community. In the present study appropriate prevention measures were taken to deal with it. In fact, the main purpose of this study is to "explain the effective factors in committing the crime of fake accidents."
Method: The research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative approach, which was done by directional content analysis. The study population of this study consisted of 20 experts related to the subject of investigating and dealing with fake accidents in the form of purposeful sampling until sampling of data was achieved. The dependent used to collect data using semi-structured interview technique.
Findings: Based on the research findings, the effective factors in committing the crime of fake accident in 4 subcategories and 23 open codes, including 9 social and cultural codes, 5 economic codes, 5 interdepartmental codes and 4 legal codes, respectively; Methods used by criminals to commit fake accidents in four subcategories and 48 open codes, including 6 time zone codes, 6 accident location codes, 12 personal identification codes, 8 accident type codes, 15 injury type codes; consequences of fake accident crimes in four sub categories and 21 open codes. It includes 5 economic codes, 8 social and cultural codes, 6 legal codes and 3 inter-sectoral codes, and finally prevention strategies in four subcategories and 43 open codes include 4 economic codes, 7 social and cultural codes, 11 legal codes and 21 inter-sectoral codes.
Results: Investigating the factors involved, identifying the methods of committing the crime of fake accidents, and recognizing the consequences of this crime at the community level and finally preventive strategies can play a useful and effective role in preventing the crime of fake accidents by related devices. Guide the use of all capacities to remove obstacles and problems in the relentless fight against this phenomenon.
