بررسي نقش فرهنگ و نگرش رانندگي در ميزان تخلفات رانندگي

Investigating the Impact of Driving Culture and Attitude in Driving Violations

ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد رﻓﺘﺎري و ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺮ ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣـﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧـﺪ. اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺶ و رﻓﺘﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ و رﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺷﺪه ﻧﻘﺶ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ در ارﺗﮑﺎب ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت را در ﺑﯿﻦ راﻧﻨـﺪﮔﺎن ﺗﺎﮐﺴـ ﯽ ﻫـﺎ ي اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘـ ﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. روش: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﺳﻨﺦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ آﻣـﺎر ي ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ، راﻧﻨـﺪﮔﺎن »اﺳﻨﭗ« در ﺳﻨﻨﺪج ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ 10000 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪول ﮐﺮﺟﺴﯽ و ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد 373 ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑـﺮ اي ﺗﺤﻠﯿـ ﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎره ﻫﺎي ﺗﮏ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه، آزﻣﻮن ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ درزﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗـﺮ ي دارﻧـﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده و ﻋﮑﺲ آن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺻﺎدق اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﺮش راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ و ﻧﮕﺮش راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑـﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت در راﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻦ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ، ﻣﺠﺮد و اﻓﺮادي ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﺘﺮي از اﺧـﺬ ﮔـﻮاﻫ ﯽ ﻧﺎﻣـﻪ آن ﻫـﺎ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻫﺎي وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺄﻫﻞ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ و اﻟﮕﻮﭘﺬﯾﺮي درﻣﺠﻤﻮع 25/5 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ و ﻗـﻮ ي ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿـ ﺮ ﻫـﺎ ي اﺛﺮﮔـﺬار ﺑـﺮ ﺗﺨﻠﻔﺎت راﻧﻨﺪﮔﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻟﺬا ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺖ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮔﺬاري ﻫﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Many factors, including human behavioral and attitudinal dimensions, effect on the perpetration of driving violations. This study has investigated the role of culture and attitude to driving in outbreak of violations among Internet taxi drivers in Sanandaj, with a sociological approach and based on the theoretical literature related to social action and behavior, especially the theory of rational action and planned behavior. Method: This study is a quantitative research and was conducted by survey method in 2020 year. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was verified in terms of validity and reliability. The statistical population of the study was SNAP drivers in Sanandaj with an approximate population of 10,000 people and according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 373 samples were estimated. The samples were selected by simple random sampling. To analyze the data Univariate statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, enter method multivariate regression analysis and path analysis was used. Results: The results showed that some aspects of driving culture have a more important role in the driving violations; so that a weaker driving culture is associated with more violations and vice versa. Also, a more positive driving attitude was associated with less violations and a more negative driving attitude was associated with more violations. The average of violations rate was higher in younger, single drivers, and people who hold their obtaining certificate for a shorter time. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables of marital status, social responsibility, participation and pattern ability can explain together 25.5% of changes in the dependent variable. Results: According to the results of this study, social responsibility is one of the most important and strongest variables affecting driving violations and therefore should be given more attention in educational programs and policies.