رويكرد علامه مجلسي در شناخت آسيب تقيه در احاديث بحار الأنوار

Allama Majlisī’s approach to the pathology of the hadiths contained in his Biḥār al-Anwār with regard to taqiyya (dissimulation of one’s faith

علامه مجلسي به عنوان يكي از علماي بزرگ شيعه داراي نظرياتي درباره مباحث آسيبشناسي احاديث است كه مشخص كردن روش و معيارهاي ايشان كمك بسياري در شناخت بهتر و تشخيص روايات تقيهاي دارد. شناخت روايات تقيهاي از آنجا ضرورت دارد كه روايات ائمه: از منابع احكام است و عدم شناخت آنها موجب ايجاد تعارض و اختلاف در بين روايات ميشود. جريان سياسي و اختلاف سطح فهم شيعيان و جريان غلو از زمينههاي ايجاد روايات تقيهاي از ديد علامه مجلسي هستند. شيوه پرداختن علامه مجلسي به روايات تقيهاي با جمعآوري و تحليل شرحهاي ايشان در ذيل روايتهايي كه به تقيهاي بودن آنها اشاره كرده، قابل فهم و دستيابي است. با بررسي و تحليل بيانات علامه ميتوان مهمترين معيارهاي شناسايي روايات تقيهاي و نشانههاي اين دست روايات را از ديد ايشان مشخص كرد. از جمله مهمترين مباني علامه عبارتاند از: معيار اعتقادي، همراهي با مخالفان، اهل كتاب، مذاهب و تفكرات اسلامي، مخالفت با قول مشهور و ترس از طعنه، توبيخ و بدگويي را نام برد. سكوت هنگام پاسخ دادن، عدم اصرار به نهي كردن و پرسش مخالفين از ائمه: نيز از مهمترين نشانههاي روايات تقيهاي از ديد علامه مجلسي است.

Allama Majlisī, as one of the great Shi’a scholars has [particular] opinions about the pathology of hadiths. Specification of his method and criteria remarkably contribute to the better recognition and distinguishing of the taqiyya-oriented traditions. The importance of recognizing he taqiyya-oriented traditions is due to the fact that the traditions quoted from the Infallible Imams are among the [inference] sources of the rulings (of Islamic law) and not recognizing them would result in contradiction and difference between the traditions. From Allamah Majlisī’s perspective the political current and the difference between the understanding level of the Shi’a Muslims, as well as the current of extremism (ghuluww) are among the grounds causing [the issuance of] taqiyya-oriented traditions. Allama Majlisī’s method of dealing with the taqiyya-oriented traditions can be realized and accessed by collecting and analyzing his commentaries and explanations sub traditions in which he mentioned that they were taqiyya-oriented. By investigating and analyzing the Allama’s statements one can specify the most important criteria for recognizing the taqiyya-oriented traditions and the signs of this type of traditions from his point of view. Among the most important “criteria” of the Allamah, mention can be made of 1) ideological criterion, 2) putting up with the opponents, the People of the Book, and the Islamic denominations and thought, as well as 3) opposing the fixed opinion, 4) the fear of sarcasm, 5) reproach and speaking ill (or backbiting). Keeping silent at the time of replying, not insisting on forbidding as well as the inquiry of the opponents from the Infallible Imams, are among the most important “signs” of the taqiyya-oriented traditions from Allama Majlisī’s point of view.