ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﯾﺮان و ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ

Governance and development of economy of cultural; Comparison of Iran and developed countries

ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روﯾﮑﺮد ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، در ﭼﻨﺪ دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ، ﻣﺴﯿﺮ رﺷﺪ، در ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺮد و ﮐﻼن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ ارزش اﻓﺰوده ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﺬرد. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ از ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ وﻇﺎﯾﻒ دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از آن ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻃﺒﻖ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، ﻧﻘﺶآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ دوﻟﺖ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ از اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﮔﺮدد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ وﺟﻮد زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﻬﺎدي اﺳﺖ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ- ﮐﻤﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن 20 ﮐﺸﻮر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و اﯾﺮان، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﮔﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ و ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب ﻣﻮردﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﺮان و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و رﺷﺪﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ دارﻧﺪ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﺮف ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﮕﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻢﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺣﮑﻤﺮاﻧﯽ ﺧﻮب و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﯽ )R2=0.50( وﺟﻮد دارد.

According to the prevailing approach to development, in recent decades, the path of growth, at various micro and macro levels, is through the production and focus on high value-added industries such as cultural industries. Planning and management in the process of production, distribution and consumption of cultural products is one of the most well-known and important tasks of governments in the world, which is mentioned as the main axis in the development of economy of the culture. According to new approaches, government role-playing in economy of culture needs characteristics to facilitate the development process. One of the most important of these indicators, which is based on the existence of institutional infrastructure, is the combined indicators of good governance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between good governance indicators and the development of countries' economy of culture. Therefore, by using the method of comparative-quantitative analysis among 20 developed and grown countries in economy of culture and Iran, the development of economy of culture and good governance has been studied. The results show that Iran's economy of culture and good governance indicators are far from developed and grown countries, and this indicates the underdevelopment of Iran's economy of culture. Also, the results of correlation analysis and multiple regression show that there is a direct relationship between the index of good governance and the development of the economy of culture of these countries and with an acceptable intensity (R2 = 0.50).