چكيده لاتين :
Zarrinqaba-nameh is one of the longest epic poems after the Shah-nameh, which has mentioned the heroism and wars of Zarrinqaba (the granddaughter of Rostam), Rostam, and his family during the kingdom of Kay-khosrow and prophecy of Solomon's prophethood. The poet and the time of its composition are unknown, but its corrector has considered it to be related to the Safavid Era (10th century AH) based on evidence. One of the most important stylistic features of Zarringaba-nameh is the use of "prepositions" in new and unique meanings and functions, which underlie its linguistic features. Thus, Zarrinqaba-nameh could be considered a unique and unrivaled work among the texts of Persian literature from this perspective. Some prepositions, such as "from", "in", and "to", in Zarinqaba-nameh not only have been used in their unique meanings, but also have shown different roles in the syntax, e.g., two prepositions coming together for a complement, novel and unusual prepositions in simple and compound prefix verbs, and prepositions coming before an object.
Introduction
Prepositions are grammatical morphemes used to indicate grammatical relations or semantic functions. They usually attribute a word or group of words to a verb, comparative adjective, or a plural noun, making them as dependent complements. In other words, they determine the relation of a word to a verb. In addition to making a word or a group of words dependent on a verb, prepositions form a noun, adjective, or a compound adverb. In such cases, they serve as a prefix. They have been used in ancient Persian and later, in the Middle Persian literature. After being changed in meaning and structure, prepositions have been used in Dari Persian and are now utilized in standard Persian language with their own structures.
According to the author's point of view, Zarrinqaba-nameh is a unique work in Persian literature for presenting the various meanings and functions of prepositions, the extractions and analyses of which can enrich the concepts and functions of prepositions in the historical grammar of Persian language.
Materials & Methods
Among words of multiple meanings, prepositions have a wide range of meanings. Facing unique meanings and functions of prepositions in Zarrinqba-nameh, some of which were unprecedented in Persian literary texts, we tried to extract and study them in the present study through a descriptive-analytical (library) method.
Results
In Zarrinqaba-nameh, the following unique meanings of prepositions were found:
New and unique meanings of "from", which sometimes meant "towards" and sometimes "on" (in the sense of place).
Unique meaning of "in", which meant "from" (in the sense of place).
New and unique meanings of "in", which sometimes meant "from" (in the sense of place) and sometimes "from".
Also, some novel functions of prepositions in the syntax were observed:
Using novel and unusual prepositions in simple and compound prefix verbs, including:«در نشستن» instead of «برنشستن»;«سردرآوردن» instead of «سربرآوردن»; «سردركشيدن» instead of «سر بركشيدن» ; and «زجا آوردن» instead of «به جا آوردن».
Using two prepositions together for a complement like »on to« and »from from«, which were related to the historical grammar, stylistics, and history of Persian language in many books and articles.
Bringing a preposition before an object, which was rare in the historical grammar of Persian language.
Conclusion
In terms of novel meaning and use of prepositions, Zarrinqaba-nameh is one of the unique texts in Persian literature which has been neglected by scholars in the field of language. In this book, some prepositions, such as "from", "in", and "to" are used in rare or new meanings. We found innovation in the use of prepositions in the sentences as follows:
Using unusual prepositions in phrasal verbs
Using two prepositions together for a complement
Bringing a preposition before an object
Since the story of Zarrinqaba-nameh was taken from the popular narrations of the Shah-nameh and narrating scrolls, it seems that the poet has been influenced by scrolls for using the different meanings of prepositions with different functions in the syntax. For example, in the oldest narrating scroll of the Shah-nameh written close to the time of Zarrinqaba-nameh, some of the morphological and syntactic features of the prepositions mentioned in Zarrinqaba-nameh, such as those with various meanings or those coming before an object, could be seen as well.
It should be mentioned that the poet of Zarringaba-nameh was an stylist although he had been influenced by ancient Persian texts, as well as the narrating scrolls, in the use of different prepositions. Hence, Zarrinqaba-nameh could be considered as a unique work.
