بررسي اثرات ناشي از شيوع ويروس كوويد-19 بر صنعت شيلات و آبزي‌پروري جهان و ارائه سياست‌هاي حمايتي از سوي دولت‌ها و ونهادهاي بين‌المللي

Investigating the effects of COVID-19 virus outbreak on the world fisheries and aquaculture industry and providing supportive policies by governments and international organizations

ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﮔﺰارشﻫﺎي واﺻﻠﻪ از ﺳﺎزﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ و ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﻼت و آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻤﻪﮔﻴﺮي ﻛﻮوﻳﺪ-19 )COVID-19( ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و ﻣﺸﺎﻏﻞ، درآﻣﺪ و اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاي رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻓﻮري ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻴﻼت و آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ، ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺗﺨﺎذ راﻫﻜﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻲ از ﺳﻮي ﻣﺪﻳﺮان ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ و دوﻟﺘﻲ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف اراﺋﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ روز و ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﻲ از ﺷﻴﻮع وﻳﺮوس ﻛﻮوﻳﺪ- 19 ﺑﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﻼت و آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري ﺟﻬﺎن و اراﺋﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻲ از ﺳﻮي دوﻟﺖﻫﺎ و وﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻦاﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺷﻴﻮع ﻛﻮوﻳﺪ-19 ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﺳﺖ ﭼﺮا ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺸﺮ در ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻧﻘﺎط ﺟﻬﺎن آﺳﻴﺐ رﺳﺎﻧﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺮوش ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ، ﻋﺪم دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺗﺨﻢ و ﺧﻮراك آﺑﺰﻳﺎن(، اﺧﺮاج ﻛﺎرﮔﺮان، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ درآﻣﺪ ﭘﺮورش دﻫﻨﺪﮔﺎن و ﻋﺪم اﺧﺘﺼﺎص اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات از ﺳﻮي ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺸﻜﻼت و ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ﻋﻤﺪه در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺷﻴﻼت ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدي ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻴﻼت و آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻣﻴﺪ اﺳﺖ در راﺳﺘﺎي رﻓﻊ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻴﻼت و آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻣﺪﻳﺮان و ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬاران ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد.

Examination of reports from international organizations and various countries shows that various aspects of the fisheries and aquaculture industry are strongly affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, so that jobs, incomes and human food security are at risk. In order to immediately address the economic and social problems that this crisis has created in the fisheries and aquaculture sector, it is necessary to adopt management strategies and policies by fisheries and government managers. With this in mind, this paper aims to provide up-to-date information on the effects of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on the world fisheries and aquaculture industry. Reports indicate that the prevalence of COVID-19 has directly affected the food supply chains in various countries, which is very important. In addition, declining sales of fishery products, lack of access to raw materials (such as eggs and aquatic feed), layoffs of workers, declining incomes of farmers and lack of funding by some organizations were identified as major problems in the fisheries industry. In addition, declining sales of fishery products, lack of access to raw materials (such as eggs and aquatic feed), layoffs, declining farmers' incomes, and non-allocation of funds by some institutions were identified as major problems in the fisheries industry.