هوش ميكروبي و استفاده از آن در زيست فن آوري

Microbial intelligence and applications of biotechnology

زﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ از ﻫﻮش و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد، اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺧﻄﻮر ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ذﻫﻦ، ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ اي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪاران و در رﺗﺒﻪ اول اﻧﺴﺎن اﺳﺖ. وﻟﻲ آﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدات ﻏﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ داراي ﻫﻮش و رﻓﺘﺎر ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟ آﻳﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ در زﻣﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دارﻧﺪ؟ و آﻳﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﻘﺎي ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ؟ ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از واژه ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ را ﻗﺎدر ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد ﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و زﻧﺪﮔﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ را ﺑﺎ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ از اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري ﺷﻜﻞ دﻫﻨﺪ و ﺧﻮد را ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎرد ﺳﺎل وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ و اﻛﻨﻮن ﻧﻴﺰ زﻧﺪه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، در ﻃﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﺧﻴﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ از وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي وﻳﺮاﻳﺶ ژﻧﮕﺎن ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻫﻮش ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ، و ﺣﻀﻮر آن ﻫﺎ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺑﻲ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ راه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ و وﻳﺮوس ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮد رواﺑﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوارﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ در زﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻦ آوري ﺑﻴﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﻤﺎري زا ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ و ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.

When it comes to intelligence and clever behavior, the first picture that comes to mind advanced creatures like mammals and ranked first in humans. However, do non-advanced organisms such as microorganisms have clever intelligence and behavior? Are there strategies and mechanisms for different situations? In addition, do they have the program to survive? Communicative competences and the use of the semiochemical vocabulary enable bacteria to develop, organise and coordinate rich social life with a great variety of behavioral patterns even in which they organise themselves like multicellular organisms. They have existed almost four billion years and still survive; they have been during the evolutionary history and have made adjustments. Recent researches have shown that bacteria are derived ability of the edit genome from viruses. In this paper, microbial intelligence and their presence in microbial communities and illustrates some communication paths between bacteria and viruses were studied. Biotechnological applications of microbial social relationships are determined and the new strategy revealed against pathogenic bacteria based on these same communicative and routine interactions between bacteria.