مقدمه اي بر توالي يابي نسل جديد و كاربرد هاي آن

Sequencing steps

ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ DNA از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ روشﻫﺎ در زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آن ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪﻫﺎ را در ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ از DNAﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮد. ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ روش ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ DNA وﺟﻮد دارد ﻛﻪ روشﻫﺎي ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲﺗﺮ، ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ روش Sanger زﻣﺎنﺑﺮ و ﭘﺮﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﻟﺬا ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺗﻮان ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدي ﺑﺎﻻ روش ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ را اﺑﺪاع ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ؛ اﻣﺮوزه ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ را ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪي ﻛﺮد. روش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺑﺰرگ DNAاﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ روش ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻞ ژﻧﮕﺎن، ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﺪف، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ از ﻧﻮ و ﺳﺮﻫﻢﺑﻨﺪي، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻟﻲ RNA و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات وراژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﺮ روش از ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ و ﻣﺰاﻳﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ، از اﻳﻦ رو ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ روش ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ﺧﻮد، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ روش ﺗﻮاﻟﻲﻳﺎﺑﻲ را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻛﻨﻨﺪ.

DNA sequencing is one of the most important techniques in biology which determine precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. Old methods such as Sanger DNA sequencing, are time laboring and expensive methods. Therefore, researchers developed next generation sequencing (NGS) which are more economical and high-throughput methods comparing with old methods. NGS methods classified into three main generations. These methods are able to fast sequencing of long fragments of DNA. By means of NGS, whole genome sequencing, target specific sequencing, de-novo sequencing and assembly, RNA sequencing and investigation of genetically changes are possible. it's so important to consider befits and defects of each method, and choosing a suitable NGS method due to properties of research program.